Class Action Litigation Related to COVID-19: Filed and Anticipated Cases in 2020

Last updated March 9, 2021

When the COVID-19 pandemic began unfolding in March 2020, the Pierce Atwood Class Action Defense Group began tracking an emerging wave of class actions related to the coronavirus. Despite unprecedented court closures and changing procedural rules, COVID-19 class actions steadily proliferated across industries, jurisdictions, and areas of law. The impact of COVID-19 on business operations, consumer activity, and economic forecasts made clear that the filings to date are only an early indication of what is to come as the effects of the pandemic continue to reverberate throughout all sectors and regions of the country. Litigation related to COVID-19 executive orders, reopening plans, and relief legislation will also continue to develop as governmental actions continue into the future.

The following is a categorized summary of more than 1,400 coronavirus-related class action complaints filed in 2020, highlighting the core allegations of each complaint. We note that significant litigation is ongoing and anticipated to continue throughout 2021.

Although Pierce Atwood will continue monitoring new class action filings, this will be our final update to this tracker. For more information on class action litigation related to COVID-19, please contact the attorneys in Pierce Atwood’s Class Action Defense group. Other guidance and information related to the COVID-19 pandemic is available on the firm’s directory of COVID-19 resources.

Click Below to Skip to a specific area of law:

• Banking and Debt Collection
• Education
• Employment
• Event Cancellation and Service Disruption
• Government and Civil Rights
• Healthcare Providers and Nursing Facilities
• Insurance
• Privacy and Cybersecurity
• Product Pricing, Marketing & Labeling
• Shareholder and Securities Litigation
• Transmission and Exacerbation of COVID-19
• Website, Digital, and Physical Accessibility

Banking and Debt Collection

Banks and financial institutions are facing class action litigation aimed at preventing foreclosures and suspending debt collection. These businesses may also encounter class action litigation from commercial clients based on their role in providing access to government relief under the CARES Act and other legislation.

CARES/PPP

Cases filed to date against banks concerning their administration of loans under the CARES Act Payroll Protection Program seeking monetary damages and injunctive and declaratory relief include:

• Ratliff CPA Firm, PC v. Kabbage, Inc., No. 20-cv-02955 (D.S.C. Aug. 14, 2020); Ratliff CPA Firm, PC v. Citizens Bank, No. 20-cv-02240 (D.S.C. June 12, 2020); Ratliff CPA Firm, PC v. Intuit Inc., No. 20-cv-02241 (D.S.C. June 12, 2020); Ratliff CPA Firm, PC v. First Reliance Bank, No. 20-cv-02208 (D.S.C. June 11, 2020); Ratliff CPA Firm, PC v. Pinnacle Bank, No. 20-cv-02225 (D.S.C. June 11, 2020); Ratliff CPA Firm, PC v. Truist Bank, No. 20-cv-02207 (D.S.C. June 11, 2020); Ratliff CPA Firm, PC v. First-Citizens Bank & Trust Co., No. 20-cv-02041 (D.S.C. May 29, 2020);
• Compu-Tax & Accounting, LLC v. Bank of America, N.A., No. 20-cv-01554 (D. Ariz. Aug. 5, 2020); Profitwise Accounting Inc. v. Bank of America, N.A., No. 20-cv-01395 (S.D. Cal. July 22, 2020); Fisher, P.A. v. Bank of America, N.A., No. 20-cv-00405 (W.D.N.C. July 21, 2020); Manoloff v. Bank of America, N.A., No. 20-cv-02451 (S.D. Tex. July 13, 2020); Guerriero v. Bank of America, N.A., No. 20-cv-11267 (D. Mass. July 6, 2020); Lopez v. Bank of America, N.A., No. 20-cv-04172 (N.D. Cal. June 24, 2020); E-Dealer Direct, LLC v. Bank of America Corp., No. 20-cv-00139 (W.D. Tex. May 19, 2020); Panda Group, PC v. Bank of America Corp., No. 20-cv-00045 (D. Utah May 11, 2020);  Studio 1220, Inc. v. Bank of America, N.A., No. 20-cv-03081 (N.D. Cal. May 5, 2020); Profiles, Inc. v. Bank of America Corp., No. 1:20-cv-00894 (D. Md. Apr. 3, 2020);
• Accountek Financial Management, Ltd. v. Synovus Bank, No. 20-cv-00047 (W.D. Va. Aug. 2, 2020); Ratliff CPA Firm, PC v. Synovus Financial Corp., No. 20-cv-02614 (D.S.C. July 14, 2020);
• Ajira AI LLC v. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., No. 20-cv-04428 (N.D. Ill. July 29, 2020); M&M Consulting Group LLC v. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., No. 20-cv-01318 (C.D. Cal. July 22, 2020); Tax Divas, LLC v. J.P. Morgan Chase Bank, No. 20-cv-05311 (S.D.N.Y. July 10, 2020); Johnson v. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., No. 20-cv-04858 (S.D.N.Y. June 24, 2020); Quinn v. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., No. 20-cv-04100 (S.D.N.Y. May 28, 2020); Smukler v. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., No. 20-cv-03413 (N.D. Cal. May 20, 2020); VR Consultants, Inc. v. JP Morgan Chase & Co., No. 20-cv-06110 (D.N.J. May 20, 2020); KPA Promotions & Awards, Inc. v. JPMorgan Chase & Co., No. 20-cv-03910 (S.D.N.Y. May 19, 2020); ImpAcct, LLC v. JPMorgan Chase & Co., No. 20-cv-01344 (D. Colo. May 12, 2020); TDD Dallas LLC v. JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A., No. DC-20-06259 (Tex. Dist. Ct. Apr. 30, 2020); Sha-Poppin Gourmet Popcorn LLC v. JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A., No. 1:20-cv-02523 (N.D. Ill. Apr. 24, 2020); Hyde-Edwards Salon & Spa v. JPMorgan Chase & Co., No. 20-cv-00762 (S.D. Cal. Apr. 22, 2020); Starwalk of Dallas, LLC v. JPMorgan Chase & Co., No. 20-cv-01005 (N.D. Tex. Apr. 20, 2020);
• Picker & Associates, LLC v. Fifth Third Bank, N.A., No. 20-cv-04462 (N.D. Ill. July 29, 2020);
• 2 Andy Enterprise Corp. v. Wells Fargo & Co., No. 20-cv-05212 (N.D. Cal. July 29, 2020); T.C. Koziara, PLLC v. Wells Fargo & Co., No. 20-cv-00588 (M.D.N.C. June 26, 2020); BAM Navigation, LLC v. Wells Fargo & Co., No. 20-cv-01345 (D. Minn. June 11, 2020); Marselian v. Wells Fargo & Co., No. 20-cv-03166 (N.D. Cal. May 8, 2020); DNM Contracting, Inc. v. Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., No. 2020-25807 (Tex. Dist. Ct. Apr. 24, 2020);
  • DNM Contracting was removed to the Southern District of Texas: No. 20-cv-01790 (S.D. Tex. May 22, 2020);
• Castellon v. Am. Express Nat’l Bank, No. 20-cv-04894 (N.D. Cal. July 22, 2020);
• Prinzo & Associates LLC v. Citizens Financial Group, Inc., No. 20-cv-01097 (W.D. Pa. July 21, 2020); Prinzo & Associates LLC v. Huntington Bancshares Inc., No. 20-cv-01061 (W.D. Pa. July 15, 2020); Prinzo & Associates LLC v. KeyCorp, No. 20-cv-01062 (W.D. Pa. July 15, 2020); Prinzo & Associates LLC v. Dollar Bank FSB, No. 20-cv-00961 (W.D. Pa. June 26, 2020); Prinzo & Associates LLC v. IberiaBank Corp., No. 20-cv-00904 (W.D. Pa. June 17, 2020); Prinzo & Associates, LLC v. BMO Harris Bank, N.A., No. 20-cv-03256 (N.D. Ill. June 2, 2020);
• Chestnut Street Consulting, LLC v. Stearns Bank Nat’l Association, No. 20-cv-01013 (D. Conn. July 20, 2020);
• Anevski v. Huntington Nat’l Bank, N.A., No. 20-cv-03646 (S.D. Ohio July 18, 2020);
• Daniel T.A. Cotts PLLC v. American Bank, N.A., No. 20-cv-00185 (S.D. Tex. July 17, 2020);
• JEK Services Inc. v. Simmons Bank, No. 20-cv-00836 (E.D. Ark. July 14, 2020);
• Fahmia, Inc. v. Bank of America Corp., No. 20-cv-00642 (M.D.N.C. July 13, 2020); Fahmia, Inc. v. Comerica Inc., No. 20-cv-01536 (N.D. Tex. June 11, 2020); Fahmia, Inc. v. Zions Bancorporation, N.A., No. 20-cv-05104 (C.D. Cal. June 9, 2020);
• Johnson v. Farmers & Merchants Bank of Long Beach, No. 20-cv-06078 (C.D. Cal. July 8, 2020);
• Henning v. PNC Financial Services Group, Inc., No. 20-cv-00905 (W.D. Pa. June 17, 2020); Winner v. PNC Financial Services Group, Inc., No. 20-cv-03515 (N.D. Ill. June 16, 2020); Lincoln Network, Inc. v. PNC Financial Services Group, Inc., No. 20-cv-02824 (N.D. Cal. Apr. 23, 2020);
• Henning v. Summit Bank, No. 20-cv-00899 (W.D. Pa. June 17, 2020);
• Fruci & Associates, PS v. A10 Capital LLC, No. 20-cv-00864 (W.D. Wash. June 6, 2020);
• Aloha Accounting & Tax LLC v. First Hawaiian Bank, No. 20-cv-00254 (D. Haw. June 2, 2020);
• Pinehurst v. First-Citizens Bank & Trust Co. (N.C. Super. Ct. June 1, 2020);
  • Notice of removal filed: No. 20-cv-00636 (M.D.N.C. July 10, 2020);
• Fahmia, Inc. v. Citibank, N.A., No. 20-cv-04146 (S.D.N.Y. May 29, 2020); Am. Video Duplicating, Inc. v. Citigroup Inc., No. 20-cv-03815 (C.D. Cal. Apr. 27, 2020);
• Fahmia, Inc. v. MUFG Americas Holding Co., No. 20-cv-04145 (S.D.N.Y. May 29, 2020);
• Quinn v. Signature Bank Corp., No. 20-cv-04144 (S.D.N.Y. May 29, 2020);
  • Motion to dismiss granted on September 21, 2020.
• Fahmia, Inc. v. Pacific Premier Bancorp, Inc., No. 20-cv-00965 (C.D. Cal. May 26, 2020);
• Panda Accounting LLC v. Academy Bank, N.A., No. 20-cv-00985 (D. Ariz. May 20, 2020);
• Hallockshannon, PC v. Citizens & Northern Corp., No. 20-cv-00714 (W.D. Pa. May 15, 2020);
• Alliant CPA Group, LLC v. Bank of America, No. 20-cv-02026 (N.D. Ga. May 11, 2020);
• Zamora-Orduna Realty Group, LLC v. BBVA USA, No. 20-cv-00579 (W.D. Tex. May 11, 2020);
• Brunner Accounting Group v. SVB Financial Group, No. 20-cv-04235 (C.D. Cal. May 8, 2020);
• Byrnes v. Fountainhead Commercial Capital, LLC, No. 20-cv-04149 (C.D. Cal. May 6, 2020);
• Bookmyer v. PNC Bank, N.A., No. 20-cv-02284 (S.D. Ohio May 5, 2020);
• In re JP Morgan Chase Paycheck Protection Plan Litigation, MDL No. 2944 (May 1, 2020);
• Am. Video Duplicating, Inc. v. Royal Bank of Canada, No. 2:20-cv-04036 (C.D. Cal. May 1, 2020);
• A.D. Sims, LLC v. Wintrust Financial Corp., No. 20-cv-02644 (N.D. Ill. Apr. 30, 2020);
• Lowry v. U.S. Bancorp., No. 1:20-cv-00348 (S.D. Ohio Apr. 30, 2020); Ryan M. Kull Licensed Clinical Social Work LLC v. Chase Bank USA, N.A., No. 1:20-cv-03138 (S.D.N.Y. Apr. 20, 2020);
• Leigh, King, Norton & Underwood, LLC v. Regions Financial Corp., No. 2:20-cv-00591 (N.D. Ala. Apr. 28, 2020);
• Zamora-Orduna Realty Group, LLC v. BBVA USA, No. 2020CI07450 (Tex. Dist. Ct. Apr. 21, 2020);
  • Defendant filed a notice of removal to the District Court for the Western District of Texas on May 11, 2020: No. 20-cv-00579;
• Kennard Law, P.C. v. Frost Bank, No. 2020-24432 (Tex. Dist. Ct. Apr. 18, 2020);
• Scherer v. Frost Bank, No. 4:20-cv-01297 (S.D. Tex. Apr. 12, 2020); Scherer v. Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., No. 4:20-cv-01295 (S.D. Tex. Apr. 11, 2020).

Debt Relief and Credit Reporting

Cases filed to date against financial institutions challenging forbearance policies or seeking the suspension of loan repayment, debt collection, and foreclosure include:

• Mitchell v. Specialized Loan Servicing LLC, No. 20STCV37533 (Cal. Super. Ct. Sept 30, 2020): alleging defendant harmed borrowers under consumer credit reporting laws by reporting forbearances to credit bureaus as deficiencies;
  • Notice of Removal: No. 20-cv-10455 (C.D. Cal. Nov. 16, 2020);
• Thomas v. Barclays Bank Delaware, No. 20-cv-05937 (W.D. Wash. Sept. 21, 2020): asserts claims of defamation, violation of the Fair Credit Reporting Act, and breach of contract for alleged inaccurate credit reporting while loans were in deferment;
• Healy v. Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., No. 20-cv-01838 (S.D. Cal. Sept. 18, 2020); Urista v. Wells Fargo & Co., No. 20-cv-01689 (S.D. Cal. Aug. 29, 2020); Delpapa v. Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., No. 20-cv-06009 (N.D. Cal. Aug. 26, 2020); Green v. Wells Fargo & Co., No. 20-cv-05296 (N.D. Cal. July 31, 2020); Forsburg v. Wells Fargo & Co., No. 20-cv-00046 (W.D. Va. July 23, 2020): alleging defendant harmed borrowers under consumer credit reporting laws by unilaterally placing their loans into forbearance status without consent, negatively impacting borrower credit reports;
• Hafez v. Equifax Information Services, LLC, No. 20-cv-09019 (D.N.J. July 16, 2020); Grauman v. Equifax Information Services, LLC, No. 20-cv-03152 (E.D.N.Y. July 15, 2020): alleging that loan servicers and credit reporting agencies inaccurately reported information regarding loans that were suspended by the CARES Act;
• Harlow v. Wells Fargo & Co., No. 20-07028 (Bankr. W.D. Va. June 26, 2020): alleging that bank is filing false notices regarding unauthorized temporary forbearances in debtors’ bankruptcy proceedings;
• Fisher v. Dovenmuehle Mortgage Inc., No. 20-cv-01222 (E.D. Cal. June 17, 2020): alleging defendant failed to comply with the CARES Act by restricting the forbearance period on mortgages;
• Sass v. Great Lakes Educational Loan Services, Inc., No. 20-cv-03424 (N.D. Cal. May 20, 2020) (alleging that loan servicers and credit reporting agencies inaccurately reported information regarding loans that were suspended by the CARES Act);
• Oksenendler v. Northstar Education Finance, Inc., No. 20-cv-00805 (D. Minn. Mar. 26, 2020) (seeks suspension of a student loan repayment program based on changed conditions);
• Shuff v. Bank of America, No. 5:20-cv-00184 (S.D. W. Va. Mar. 16, 2020) (seeks an injunction to temporarily suspend foreclosure actions).

Education

Educational programs and institutions, in particular colleges and universities, are facing class action claims by students related to campus closures, access to resources, and future operations. Cases filed to date against educational institutions seeking the refund of university tuition, room, board, and other fees paid by students based on breach of contract and other theories include:

• Sweetland-Gil v. University of the Pacific, No. 20-cv-02545 (E.D. Cal. Dec. 29, 2020); Saroya v. University of the Pacific, No. 20-cv-03196 (N.D. Cal. May 10, 2020);
• Gaviria v. Lincoln Educational Svcs. Corp., No. 20-cv-18552 (D.N.J. Dec. 9, 2020);
• Hyatte v. University of Minnesota, No. 27-cv-20-15837 (Minn. Dist. Ct. Dec. 1, 2020);
• Chavarria v. University of San Diego, No. 20-cv-02215 (S.D. Cal. Nov. 13, 2020); Holden v. University of San Diego, No. 20-cv-02169 (S.D. Cal. Nov. 5, 2020);
• Bruckno v. Tufts University, No. 20-cv-11940 (D. Mass. Oct. 28, 2020);
• Toro v. University of Bridgeport (Conn. Super. Ct. Oct. 27, 2020);
  • Notice of Removal: No. 20-cv-01701 (D. Conn. Nov. 12, 2020);
• Porter v. Emerson College, No. 20-cv-11897 (D. Mass. Oct. 21, 2020);
• Lozada v. Case Western Reserve University, No. 20-cv-02336 (N.D. Ohio Oct. 13, 2020);
• Lawson v. Pennsylvania College of Technology, No. 201000698 (Pa. Ct. Com. Pl. Oct. 12, 2020);
• Joplin v. University of Southern California, No. 20-cv-09338 (C.D. Cal. Oct. 9, 2020); Choi v. University of Southern California, No. 20-cv-05573 (C.D. Cal. June 23, 2020); Doe v. University of Southern California, No. 20-cv-04172 (C.D. Cal. Mar. 7, 2020); Watson v. University of Southern California, No. 20-cv-04107 (C.D. Cal. May 5, 2020); Diaz v. University of Southern California, No. 20-cv-4066 (C.D. Cal. May 4, 2020);
• Adavenaixx v. Howard University, No. 20-cv-02872 (D.D.C. Oct. 7, 2020);
• Brill v. Landmark Property Services, LLC, No. 20-cv-62033 (S.D. Fla. Oct. 6, 2020) (campus housing);
• Nicolato v. Herzing University, Ltd., No. 20-cv-01793 (M.D. Fla. Sept. 30, 2020);
• Stewart v. University of Maine, No. 20-cv-00347 (D. Me. Sept. 24, 2020);
• Mooers v. Middlebury College, No. 20-cv-00144 (D. Vt. Sept. 24, 2020);
• Barry v. University of Washington, No. 20-2-13924-6 SEA (Wash. Super. Ct. Sept. 16, 2020);
• Craig v. Nova Southeastern University, No. 20-cv-23818 (S.D. Fla. Sept. 15, 2020);
• Miller v. Lewis University, No. 20-cv-05473 (N.D. Ill. Sept. 15, 2020);
• Ellis v. Tulane University, No. 20-cv-02518 (E.D. La. Sept. 15, 2020); Jones v. Tulane University, No. 20-cv-02505 (E.D. La. Sept. 14, 2020);
• Cordero v. Montana State University, No. 20-cv-00046 (D. Mont. Sept. 14, 2020);
• Carstairs v. University of Rochester, No. 20-cv-06690 (W.D.N.Y. Sept. 10, 2020);
• Rodrigues v. Boston College, No. 20-cv-11662 (D. Mass. Sept. 8, 2020);
• Troia v. North Central College, No. 20-cv-05229 (N.D. Ill. Sept. 3, 2020);
• Montalvo v. California Lutheran University, No. 20-cv-07698 (C.D. Cal. Aug. 24, 2020);
• Foti v. Suffolk University, No. 20-cv-11581 (D. Mass. Aug. 24, 2020); Durbeck v. Suffolk University, No. 20-cv-10985 (D. Mass. May 21, 2020);
• Martin v. Lindenwood University, No. 20-cv-01128 (E.D. Mo. Aug. 24, 2020);
• Arredondo v. University of La Verne, No. 20-cv-07665 (C.D. Cal. Aug. 23, 2020);
• Hofmann v. Long Island University, No. 20-cv-04027 (E.D.N.Y. Aug. 28, 2020);
• Moore v. Long Island University, No. 20-cv-03843 (E.D.N.Y. Aug. 21, 2020); Irizarry v. Long Island University, No. 20-cv-03160 (S.D.N.Y. Apr. 21, 2020);
• Surya v. Northwestern University, No. 20-cv-04892 (N.D. Ill. Aug. 20, 2020); Polley v. Northwestern University, No. 20-cv-04798 (N.D. Ill. Aug. 14, 2020);
• Sutton v. Roosevelt University, No. 20-cv-04902 (N.D. Ill. Aug. 20, 2020); Felix v. Roosevelt University, No. 20-cv-04793 (N.D. Ill. Aug. 14, 2020);
• Walsh v. Chapman University, No. 20-cv-01538 (C.D. Cal. Aug. 19, 2020);
• Weiman v. Miami University, No. 20-cv-00640 (S.D. Ohio Aug. 18, 2020);
• Langert v. George Mason University, No. 20-cv-00944 (E.D. Va. Aug. 17, 2020);
• Russo v. University of Delaware, No. N20C-11-164 (Del. Super. Ct. Nov. 18, 2020); Ninivaggi v. University of Delaware, No. N20C-08-121 (Del. Super. Ct. Aug. 14, 2020); Ninivaggi v. University of Delaware, No. 20-cv-02762 (E.D.N.Y. June 22, 2020) (voluntarily dismissed by plaintiff on July 7, 2020);
• Notice of Removal: Ninivaggi v. University of Delaware, No. 20-cv-01478 (D. Del. Oct. 29, 2020);
• Migliore v. Hofstra University – Maurice A. Deane School of Law, No. 20-cv-03671 (E.D.N.Y. Aug. 13, 2020);
• Hogan v. Southern Methodist University, No. DC-20-11139 (Tex. Dist. Ct. Aug. 12, 2020);
  • Notice of Removal filed: No. 20-cv-02899 (N.D. Tex. Sept. 20, 2020);
• Glaspie v. American Career College, Inc., No. 30-2020-01153323 (Cal. Super. Ct. Aug. 6, 2020);
• Hiatt v. Brigham Young University, No. 20-cv-00100 (D. Utah Aug. 5, 2020);
• Kaldes v. California Baptist University, No. 20-cv-01535 (C.D. Cal. July 31, 2020);
• Utsay v. California State University System, No. 20-cv-06902 (C.D. Cal. July 31, 2020);
• Quattrociocchi v. Rochester Institute of Technology, No. 20-cv-06558 (W.D.N.Y. July 30, 2020); Mycek v. Rochester Institute of Technology, No. 20-cv-06324 (W.D.N.Y. May 19, 2020); Bergeron v. Rochester Institute of Technology, No. 20-cv-06283 (W.D.N.Y. May 1, 2020);
• Michel v. Yale University, No. 20-cv-01080 (D. Conn. July 29, 2020);
• Perna v. American Campus Communities, Inc., No. 20-cv-00846 (M.D. Fla. July 29, 2020) (campus housing);
• Minichelli v. Syracuse University, No. 20-cv-00839 (N.D.N.Y. July 26, 2020);
• Marrero v. Central Texas College, No. 20-cv-00676 (W.D. Tex. July 24, 2020);
• Lamberth v. Texas A&M University System, No. 20-cv-02605 (S.D. Tex. July 23, 2020);
• Lafleur v. Florida Bd. of Governors, No. 20-cv-01665 (M.D. Fla. July 21, 2020);
• Gallagher v. St. John’s University, No. 20-cv-03274 (E.D.N.Y. July 21, 2020);
• Goldberg v. Pace University, No. 20-cv-03665 (S.D.N.Y. July 19, 2020); Marbury v. Pace University, No. 20-cv-03210 (S.D.N.Y. Apr. 23, 2020);
• Ferretti v. Nova Southeastern University, Inc., No. 20-cv-61431 (S.D. Fla. July 15, 2020);
• Doe v. Bradley University, No. 20-cv-01264 (C.D. Ill. July 14, 2020);
• Fusca v. Temple University, No. 20-cv-03434 (E.D. Pa. July 14, 2020); Ryan v. Temple University, No. 20-cv-02164 (E.D. Pa. May 5, 2020);
• McClanahan v. Webster University, No. 20-cv-00907 (E.D. Mo. July 10, 2020);
• Miranda v. Xavier University, No. 20-cv-00539 (S.D. Ohio July 10, 2020);
• Plank v. Kansas State University, No. 20-cv-02335 (D. Kan. July 6, 2020);
• Zhao v. CIEE Inc., No. 20-cv-00240 (D. Me. July 6, 2020) (study abroad program);
  • All claims were dismissed on August 31, 2020, based on unambiguous terms in the contract, including a clause limiting the defendant’s responsibility for epidemics;
• Lindner v. Occidental College, No. 20-cv-08290 (D.N.J. July 6, 2020);
• Mears v. California Western School of Law, No. 37-2020-00023126 (Cal. Super. Ct. July 6, 2020);
• Reyes v. University of Texas at Austin, No. 20-cv-00607 (W.D. Tex. July 3, 2020);
• Chandler v. Regents of the University of California, No. 30-2020-01169261 (Cal. Super. Ct. Nov. 9, 2020); Kang v. Regents of the University of California, No. 20-cv-04443 (N.D. Cal. July 2, 2020); Yoo v. Regents of the University of California, No. 30-2020-01140827 (Cal. Super. Ct. May 26, 2020); Lee v. Regents of the University of California, No. 20-cv-03241 (N.D. Cal. May 12, 2020); Ritter v. Regents of the University of California, No. 20-cv-02925 (N.D. Cal. Apr. 28, 2020); Brandmeyer v. Regents of the University of California, No. 20-cv-2886 (N.D. Cal. Apr. 27, 2020);
• Lawrence v. FPA Multifamily, LLC, No. 20-cv-01517 (M.D. Fla. July 2, 2020) (campus housing);
• Bailey v. Auburn University, No. 20-cv-00457 (M.D. Ala. June 30, 2020);
• Tran v. Grand Canyon University, No. 20-cv-01283 (D. Ariz. June 29, 2020);
• Nguyen v. Stephens Institute, No. 20-cv-04195 (N.D. Cal. June 25, 2020);
• Nedley v. University of Pennsylvania, No. 20-cv-03109 (E.D. Pa. June 25, 2020); Coffman v. California University of Pennsylvania, No. 20-cv-00733 (W.D. Pa. May 20, 2020); Smith v. University of Pennsylvania, No. 20-cv-2086 (E.D. Pa. Apr. 30, 2020);
• Schultz v. Emory University, No. 20-cv-022661 (N.D. Ga. June 24, 2020); DeMasi v. Emory University, No. 20-cv-02002 (N.D. Ga. May 8, 2020);
• Barkhordar v. Harvard University, No. 20-cv-11203 (D. Mass. June 22, 2020); Student A v. Harvard University, No. 20-cv-10968 (D. Mass. May 20, 2020);
• Doemel v. Arizona Bd. of Regents, No. 20-cv-01203 (D. Ariz. June 17, 2020); Diaz v. Arizona Bd. of Regents, No. 20-cv-01126 (D. Ariz. June 8; 2020); Raftopoulous-Johnson v. Arizona Bd. Of Regents, No. 20-cv-04399 (D.N.J. Apr. 17, 2020); Rosenkrantz v. Arizona Bd. of Regents, No. 20-cv-00613 (D. Ariz. Mar. 27, 2020);
• Student A v. Santa Clara University, No. 20-cv-04045 (N.D. Cal. June 17, 2020);
• Ballas v. State of Nevada ex rel. Board of Regents of the Nevada System of Higher Education, No. CV20-00922 (Nev. Dist. Ct. June 17, 2020);
• Romankow v. New York University, No. 20-cv-04616 (S.D.N.Y. June 16, 2020); Morales v. New York University, No. 20-cv-04418 (S.D.N.Y. June 9, 2020); Zagoria v. New York University, No. 20-cv-03610 (S.D.N.Y. May 8, 2020); Rynasko v. New York University, No. 20-cv-03250 (S.D.N.Y. Apr. 24, 2020);
• Longo v. Campus Advantage, Inc., No. 20-cv-02651 (M.D. Fla. Nov. 12, 2020); Longo v. Campus Advantage, Inc., No. 20-cv-01363 (M.D. Fla. June 12, 2020) (campus housing);
• Placko v. University of Illinois, No. 20-cv-03451 (N.D. Ill. June 12, 2020);
• Crawford v. Board of Regents of Georgetown University, No. 20-cv-01539 (D.D.C. June 11, 2020); Doe v. Georgetown University, No. 20-cv-01370 (D.D.C. May 21, 2020); Student A v. Georgetown University, No. 20-cv-05937 (D.N.J. May 15, 2020);
• Oyoque v. DePaul University, No. 20-cv-03431 (N.D. Ill. June 11, 2020); Chavez v. DePaul University, No. 20-cv-02865 (N.D. Ill. May 12, 2020);
• Buschauer v. Columbia College Chicago, No. 20-cv-03394 (N.D. Ill. June 9, 2020);
• Montesano v. Catholic University of America, No. 20-cv-01496 (D.D.C. June 8, 2020);
• Birdsall v. BYU, No. 20-cv-00270 (D. Idaho June 8, 2020);
• Metzner v. Quinnipiac University, No. 20-cv-00784 (D. Conn. June 5, 2020); Hotter v. Quinnipiac University, No. 20-cv-05592 (D.N.J. May 6, 2020);
• Gunter v. Louisiana State University & Agricultural & Mechanical College, No. 20-cv-00346 (M.D. La. June 5, 2020);
• Salerno v. Florida Southern College, No. 20-cv-04314 (S.D.N.Y. June 5, 2020);
• Desai v. Carnegie Mellon University, No. 20-cv-00844 (W.D. Pa. June 5, 2020); Pfingsten v. Carnegie Mellon University, No. 20-cv-716 (W.D. Penn. May 15, 2020);
• Camarena v. Baylor University, No. 20-cv-01436 (N.D. Tex. June 5, 2020); King v. Baylor University, No. 20-cv-00504 (W.D. Tex. June 5, 2020);
• Rezvani v. Pepperdine University, No. 20STCV25498 (Cal. Super. Ct. July 6, 2020); Pinzon v. Pepperdine University, No. 20-cv-04928 (C.D. Cal. June 3, 2020);
  • Notice of Removal: Rezvani v. Pepperdine University, No. 20-cv-08582 (C.D. Cal. Sept. 18, 2020;
• Gold v. University of Miami, No. 20-cv-22316 (S.D. Fla. June 3, 2020); Weiss v. University of Miami, No. 20-cv-22207 (S.D. Fla. May 27, 2020);
• Rabinowitz v. American University, No. 20-cv-01454 (D.D.C. June 2, 2020); Arif v. American University, No. 20-cv-60902 (S.D. Fla. May 4, 2020); Qureshi v. American University, No. 20-cv-01141 (D.D.C. May 1, 2020);
• Washington v. Johnson & Wales University, No. 20-cv-00246 (D.R.I. June 2, 2020); Hazel v. Johnson & Wales University, No. 20-cv-22251 (S.D. Fla. May 31, 2020); Alexander v. Johnson & Wales University, No. 20-cv-01092 (M.D. Fla. May 11, 2020);
• Talab v. Board of Trustees of Duke University, No. 20-cv-00480 (M.D.N.C. June 1, 2020); Doe v. Duke University, No. 20-cv-00414 (M.D.N.C. May 8, 2020);
• Rahman v. Cornell University, No. 20-cv-00592 (N.D.N.Y. May 31, 2020); Faber v. Cornell University, No. 20-cv-00471 (N.D.N.Y. Apr. 25, 2020); Haynie v. Cornell University, No. 20-cv-00467 (N.D.N.Y. Apr. 23, 2020);
• Omoro v. Brandeis University, No. 20-cv-11030 (D. Mass. May 29, 2020); Doe v. Brandeis University, No. 20-cv-11021 (D. Mass. May 28, 2020);
• Botts v. Johns Hopkins University, No. 20-cv-01335 (D. Md. May 29, 2020);
• Rhodes v. Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Inc., No. 20-cv-00927 (M.D. Fla. May 28, 2020);
• Alfred v. Dartmouth College, No. 20-cv-00637 (D.N.H. May 28, 2020);
• Mauldin v. George Washington University, No. 20-cv-01417 (D.D.C. May 28, 2020);
• Dougherty v. Drew University, No. 20-cv-06518 (D.N.J. May 28, 2020);
• Vijay v. Board of Regents of the University of Oklahoma, No. 20-cv-00499 (W.D. Okla. May 28, 2020);
• Taylor v. Charleston Southern University, No. 2020CP1002357 (S.C. Ct. Com. Pl. May 28, 2020);
• Lynn v. Merrimack College, No. 20-cv-00632 (D.N.H. May 27, 2020);
• Buckley v. Hofstra University, No. 20-cv-02424 (E.D.N.Y. June 1, 2020); Latvala v. Hofstra University, No. 20-cv-02368 (E.D.N.Y. May 27, 2020); Stellato v. Hofstra University, No. 20-cv-01999 (E.D.N.Y. May 1, 2020);
• McCarthy v. Loyola Marymount University, No. 20-cv-04668 (C.D. Cal. May 26, 2020); Shoham v. Loyola Marymount University, No. 20-cv-04329 (C.D. Cal. May 13, 2020);
• Gociman v. Loyola University Chicago, No. 20-cv-03116 (N.D. Ill. May 26, 2020);
• Ramey v. Pennsylvania State University, No. 20-cv-00753 (W.D. Penn. May 26, 2020); Thomson v. Pennsylvania State University, No. 20-cv-00725 (M.D. Pa. Apr. 30, 2020);
• Chapusette v. Touro College and University System, No. 20-cv-04018 (S.D.N.Y. May 22, 2020)
• Hannibal-Fisher v. Grand Canyon University, No. 20-cv-01007 (D. Ariz. May 22, 2020); Little v. Grand Canyon University, No. 20-cv-00795 (D. Ariz. Apr. 24, 2020);
• Thiele v. Illinois State University, No. 20-cv-01197 (C.D. Ill. May 21, 2020);
• Simmons-Telep v. Roger Williams University, No. 20-cv-00226 (D.R.I. May 21, 2020);
• Hernandez v. Illinois Institute of Technology, No. 20-cv-03010 (N.D. Ill. May 20, 2020);
• Doe v. Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, No. MDL-L-003039-20 (N.J. Super. Ct. May 20, 2020);
• Castro v. University of Chicago, No. 20-cv-07280 (N.D. Ill. Dec. 9, 2020); Kincheloe v. University of Chicago, No. 20-cv-03015 (N.D. Ill. May 20, 2020);
• Legge v. University of San Francisco, No. 20-cv-03406 (N.D. Cal. May 19, 2020);
• Awlia v. Southern New Hampshire University, No. 20-cv-00609 (D.N.H. May 19, 2020);
• Bahrani v. Northeastern University, No. 20-cv-10946 (D. Mass. May 18, 2020); Satam v. Northeastern University, No. 20-cv-10915 (D. Mass. May 13, 2020); Chong v. Northeastern University, No. 20-cv-10844 (D. Mass. May 1, 2020);
• Doval v. Fairleigh Dickinson University, No. 20-cv-06010 (D.N.J. May 18, 2020);
• Bolland v. Seattle Pacific University, No. 20-cv-00741 (W.D. Wash. May 18, 2020);
• Jones v. Carrington College, Inc., No. 20-cv-00989 (E.D. Cal. May 15, 2020);
• Amable v. The New School, No. 20-cv-03811 (S.D.N.Y. May 15, 2020);
• Gibson v. Lynn University, Inc., No. 2020-CA-005378 (Fla. Circ. Ct. May 14, 2020);
  • Notice of Removal filed: No. 20-cv-81173 (S.D. Fla. May 14, 2020);
• Fiore v. The University of Tampa, No. 20-cv-03744 (S.D.N.Y. May 14, 2020);
• Burt v. Board of Trustees of the University of Rhode Island, No. 20-cv-00465 (D.R.I. Oct. 29, 2020); Thomson v. Board of Trustees of the University of Rhode Island, No. WC-2020-0209 (R.I. Super. Ct. May 14, 2020);
  • Notice of removal filed: 20-cv-00295 (D.R.I. July 2, 2020);
• Soriano v. University of New Haven, No. 20-cv-00662 (D. Conn. May 13, 2020);
• Silulu v. Trustees of Boston University, No. 20-cv-10914 (D. Mass. May 13, 2020); Bornstein v. Trustees of Boston University, No. 20-cv-11118 (D. Mass. May 5, 2020); Tran v. Boston University, No. 20-cv-11260 (D. Mass. May 5, 2020); Cox v. Trustees of Boston University, No. 1:20-cv-10834 (D. Mass. Apr. 30, 2020); Dutra v. Trustees of Boston University, No. 1:20-cv-10827 (D. Mass. Apr. 29, 2020);
• Student A v. Wagner College, No. 20-cv-02170 (E.D.N.Y. May 13, 2020);
• Raimo v. Washington University in St. Louis, No. 20-cv-00634 (E.D. Mo. May 12, 2020);
• Egleston v. University of Florida Board of Trustees, No. 20-cv-00106 (N.D. Fla. May 11, 2020);
• Klein v. Parker University, No. 20-cv-03194 (N.D. Cal. May 9, 2020);
• Mitelberg v. Stevens Institute of Technology, No. 20-cv-05748 (D.N.J. May 8, 2020);
• Patel v. St. John’s University, No. 20-cv-02114 (E.D.N.Y. May 8, 2020);
• Hickey v. University of Pittsburgh, No. 20-cv-00690 (W.D. Pa. May 8, 2020);
• Fedele v. Marist College, No. 20-cv-03559 (S.D.N.Y. May 7, 2020);
• Thomas v. Mercy College; No. 20-cv-03584 (S.D.N.Y. May 7, 2020);
• Quiroz v. Rider University, No. 20-cv-05620 (D.N.J. May 6, 2020);
• Spiegel v. Indiana University, No. 53C06-2005-CT-000771 (Cir. Ct. Monroe Cty., Ind., May 6, 2020);
• Lawson v. Pennsylvania College of Technology, No. 20-cv-00736 (M.D. Pa. May 5, 2020);
• Schoening v. Seton Hall University, No. 20-cv-05566 (D.N.J. May 5, 2020);
• Pinkney v. State University of New York, No. 20-cv-02048 (E.D.N.Y. May 5, 2020);
• Fittipaldi v. Monmouth University, No. 20-cv-05526 (D.N.J. May 4, 2020);
• Paris v. University of Connecticut, No. 20-cv-02018 (E.D.N.Y. May 4, 2020);
• Deecher v. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, No. 20-cv-00498 (N.D.N.Y. May 4, 2020);
• Rojas v. Florida Board of Governors Foundation, Inc., No. 2020-CA-000846 (Fla. Circ. Ct. May 4, 2020);
• Mebrahtu v. Manchester University, No. 20-cv-05457 (D.N.J. May 1, 2020);
• Hewitt v. Pratt Institute, No. 20-cv-2007 (E.D.N.Y. May 1, 2020);
• Yin v. Syracuse University, No. 20-cv-00494 (N.D.N.Y. May 1, 2020);
• Rosado v. Barry University, Inc., No. 20-cv-21813 (S.D. Fla. May 1, 2020);
• Rocchio v. Rutgers, No. 20-cv-05390 (D.N.J. Apr. 30, 2020);
• Doe v. Brown University, No. 20-cv-00191 (D.R.I. Apr. 30, 2020);
• Shak v. Adelphi University, No. 20-cv-01951 (E.D.N.Y. Apr. 28, 2020);
• Doe v. Vanderbilt University, No. 20-cv-00356 (M.D. Tenn. Apr. 28, 2020); Doe v. Vanderbilt University, No. 20-mc-09999 (M.D. Tenn. Apr. 27, 2020);
• Rifat v. Board of Trustees of the California State University, No. 20-cv-04421 (C.D. Cal. May 15, 2020); Miller v. Board of Trustees of the California State University, No. 20-cv-03833 (C.D. Cal. Apr. 27, 2020);
• Dieckhaus v. University of North Carolina System, No. 20-cv-00069 (E.D.N.C. Apr. 27, 2020); McAllister v. University of North Carolina System, No. 20-cv-00078 (E.D.N.C. Apr. 27, 2020); Allen v. University of North Carolina System, No. 20-cv-00254 (W.D.N.C. Apr. 27, 2020); Burnett v. University of North Carolina System, No. 20-cv-00103 (W.D.N.C. Apr. 27, 2020);
• Friedman v. Drexel University, No. 20-cv-05147 (D.N.J. Apr. 27, 2020); Rickenbaker v. Drexel University, No. 20-cv-1358 (D.S.C. Apr. 8, 2020);
• Dimitryuk v. University of Miami, No. 20-cv-60851 (S.D. Fla. Apr. 26, 2020);
• Ford v. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, No. 20-cv-00470 (N.D.N.Y. Apr. 25, 2020);
• Hassan v. Fordham University, No. 20-cv-03265 (S.D.N.Y. Apr. 25, 2020);
• Beck v. Manhattan College, No. 20-cv-03229 (S.D.N.Y. Apr. 23, 2020);
• Brittain v. Columbia University, No. 20-cv-09194 (S.D.N.Y. Nov. 4, 2020) ; Student A v. Columbia University, No. 20-cv-3208 (S.D.N.Y. Apr. 23, 2020); Bennett v. Columbia University, No. 20-cv-3227 (S.D.N.Y. Apr. 23, 2020);
• Kai v. Western Michigan University, No. 20-000063-MK (Mich. Ct. Claims Apr. 22, 2020);
• Patel v. University of Vermont, No. 20-cv-00061 (D. Vt. Apr. 21, 2020);
• Burgos v. Pa. State University, No. 20-cv-03143 (S.D.N.Y. Apr. 20, 2020);
• Peyton v. Wayne State University, No. 20-000059-MK (Mich. Ct. Claims. Apr. 20, 2020);
• Carpey v. Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, No. 20-cv-01064 (D. Colo. Apr. 15, 2020);
• Student A v. Liberty University, Inc., No. 20-cv-00023 (W.D. Va. Apr. 13, 2020);
• Kliment v. University of Michigan, No. 20-000056-MK (Mich. Ct. Claims. Apr. 16, 2020);
• Allen v. Michigan State University, No. 20-000057-MK (Mich. Ct. Claims. Apr. 16, 2020);
• Church v. Purdue University & Trustees, No. 20-cv-00025 (N.D. Ind. Apr. 9, 2020);
• Dixon v. University of Miami, No. 20-cv-1348 (D.S.C. Apr. 8, 2020);

Employment

Employers are facing wage and hour, workplace safety, paid leave, WARN Act, ERISA, employee privacy, worker classification, disability accommodation, and discrimination claims. Cases filed to date include:

• Adegbola v. SouthStar Capital LLC, No. 20-cv-04506 (D.S.C. Dec. 31, 2020): asserts claims under Families First Coronavirus Response Act and FLSA for retaliatory termination related to the care of a dependent infected with COVID-19;
• Koger v. THI of South Caroline at Charleston, LLC, No. 20-cv-04279 (D.S.C. Dec. 9, 2020): asserts claim under Families First Coronavirus Response Act for termination related to infection with COVID-19;
• Jones v. Scribe Opco, Inc., No. 20-cv-02945 (M.D. Fla. Dec. 9, 2020): asserts claims under WARN Act for alleged failure to provide written notice concerning employee impact of COVID-19;
• Higgins v. United States, No. 20-cv-01700 (Fed. Ct. Cl. Nov. 30, 2020): asserts claims for hazard and environmental differential pay for TSA employees;
• Mayle v. U.S., No. 20-cv-01818 (Fed. Ct. Cl. Dec. 10, 2020); Alvarez v. U.S., No. 20-cv-01533 (Fed. Ct. Cl. Nov. 5, 2020); Medrano v. U.S., No. 20-cv-01245 (Fed. Ct. Cl. Sept. 22, 2020) Adegbite v. U.S., No. 20-cv-01183 (Fed. Ct. Cl. Sept. 11, 2020): assert claims under FLSA for alleged failure to pay overtime wages;
• Thompson v. Elev8 Found. Inc., No. 20-cv-09581 (S.D.N.Y. Nov. 13, 2020): assert claims under FLSA and state labor laws for alleged failure to pay wages;
• Poston v. Stericycle Inc., No. 20-cv-00655 ( W.D.N.C. Nov. 24, 2020): assert claims under FLSA and state labor laws for alleged failure to pay overtime wages;
• Rendon v. S. Dade Chamber of Commerce, Inc., No. 20-cv-24505 (S.D. Fla. Nov. 2, 2020): asserts claim under Families First Coronavirus Response Act for termination related to infection with COVID-19;
• Lucyk v. Materion Brush Inc., No. 20-cv-02340 (N.D. Ohio Oct. 14, 2020): asserts claims under FLSA for, inter alia, alleged failure to pay adequate overtime wages for hours worked during the pandemic;
• Marinos v. District of Columbia, No. 20-cv-02828 (D.D.C. Oct. 5, 2020): asserts claims under FLSA for alleged failure to pay adequate overtime wages for hours worked during the pandemic;
• Stevens v. Saginaw Products Corp., No. 20-cv-12604 (E.D. Mich. Sept. 23, 2020): asserts claims under Families First Coronavirus Response Act for alleged failure to inform employees of their right to paid leave and subsequent denial of paid leave;
• Chowdhury v. Raja 786 Food Inc., No. 20-cv-04235 (E.D.N.Y. Sept. 10, 2020): asserts claims under FLSA and state labor laws for alleged failure to pay owed wages and tips for hours worked during the pandemic;
• Calero v. Fanatics, Inc., No. 20-cv-02114 (M.D. Fla. Sept. 9, 2020): asserts claims under WARN Act for allegedly terminating hundreds of employees without advance written notice;
• Castelluccio v. Alphera International N.A., No. 20-cv-04050 (E.D.N.Y. Aug. 31, 2020): asserts claims under FLSA and New York Labor Laws for alleged failure to pay owed wages and overtime pay;
• Harwell-Payne v. Cudahy Place Senior Living, LLC, No. 20-cv-00804 (W.D. Wis. Aug. 31, 2020): asserts claims under FLSA and Wisconsin law for alleged failure to pay minimum wage and overtime wages;
• Livingston v. Qualfon Data Services Group, LLC, No. 20-cv-12302 (E.D. Mich. Aug. 26, 2020): asserts claims under FLSA and South Carolina law for alleged failure to pay owed wages and overtime pay;
• McBride v. DMI GC Holdings, LLC, No. 20-cv-12305 (E.D. Mich. Aug. 26, 2020):  asserts claims under FLSA and Michigan law for alleged failure to pay owed wages and overtime pay;
• Gonzalez v. Colwill Engineering Electrical, Inc., No. 20-cv-01986 (M.D. Fla. Aug. 25, 2020): asserts claims under FLSA for alleged unpaid overtime wages and claims under FMLA and FFCRA for alleged retaliation based on employees’ positive COVID-19 diagnosis;
• Canas v. Smithfield Packaged Meats Corp., No. 20-cv-04937 (N.D. Ill. Aug. 21, 2020): asserts claims under FLSA and Illinois Minimum Wage Law for alleged failure to pay owed wages and overtime pay to factory workers during the pandemic;
• Woodward v. VanCuren Services, Inc., No. 20-cv-01818 (N.D. Ohio Aug. 17, 2020): asserts claims under FLSA for alleged failure to pay overtime and claims under FFCRA for alleged retaliation based on employee’s positive COVID-19 diagnosis;
• Saleba v. Medpace, Inc., No. 20-cv-00634 (S.D. Ohio Aug. 17, 2020): asserts claims under ADEA for alleged discrimination by firing a 67 year old employee, using the COVID-19 pandemic as pretense;
• Janicijevic v. Classica Cruise Operator, LTD., No. 20-cv-23223 (S.D. Fla. Aug. 4, 2020): asserts claims under federal law and admiralty law based on alleged failure to pay wages owed to crewmembers of cruise ships and failure to provide them with adequate travel arrangements home;
• Wright v. Denali Ingredients, LLC, No. 20-cv-01185 (E.D. Wis. Aug. 3, 2020): asserts claims under FLSA and state equivalent for alleged failure to pay wages owed and overtime pay as well as individual claims under the Families First Coronavirus Response Act and FMLA for alleged failure to provide paid sick leave and termination of employment after a COVID-19 diagnosis;
• Pacheco v. Yorkshire Building Services, Inc., No. 20-cv-61540 (S.D. Fla. July 29, 2020): asserts claims under Families First Coronavirus Response Act, FMLA, and FLSA for alleged failure to pay overtime wages and for alleged improper firing of plaintiff based on positive COVID diagnosis;
• Skiba v. GHG – The Fitness Group, LLC, No. 20-cv-02656 (S.D. Tex. July 29, 2020): asserts claims under FLSA for alleged failure to pay owed wages and overtime pay;
• Adams v. U.S., No. 20-cv-00909 (Fed. Ct. Cl. July 27, 2020): asserts claims under FLSA for hazard pay related to exposure to COVID-19 in correctional facilities;
• Does v. Scalia, No. 20-cv-01260 (M.D. Pa. July 22, 2020): asserts claims under Occupational Safety and Health Act and seeks to compel OSHA to protect workers at a Pennsylvania meatpacking plant;
• Endries v. Board of Directors of the Motion Picture Industry Health Plan, No. 20-cv-06347 (C.D. Cal. July 16, 2020): asserts claims under ERISA for alleged failure to provide relief from health plan requirements for union members during the pandemic;
• Emery v. Home Caregivers of Cookeville, LLC, No. 20-cv-00038 (M.D. Tenn. July 15, 2020): asserts claims under FLSA for alleged failure to pay overtime wages;
• Mackie v. Coconut Joe’s IOP LLC, No. 20-cv-02562 (D.S.C. July 9, 2020): asserts claims under Families First Coronavirus Response Act and FLSA for alleged improper termination and failure to pay minimum wage;
• Connors v. American Medical Response, Inc., No. 20-cv-05046 (S.D.N.Y. July 1, 2020): asserts claims under New York Labor Laws and FLSA for alleged failure to pay overtime and to timely pay wages;
• Professional Staff Congress/CUNY v. City University of New York, No. 20-cv-05060 (S.D.N.Y. July 1, 2020): alleges violation of the CARES Act based on layoffs of employees;
• Brent v. AmazonFresh LLC, No. CGC-20-584828 (Cal. Super. Ct. June 26, 2020): asserts tort claims and claims under California Labor Code for alleged failure to implement reasonable safety protocols to keep employees safe during the pandemic;
• Richard v. Ambulnz Health, LLC, No. 510337/2020 (N.Y. Sup. Ct. June 17, 2020): asserts claims under New York Labor Laws based on alleged unpaid wages and coerced release agreements;
• Rodriguez v. Allen Distribution, LP, No. 20-at-00573 (E.D. Cal. June 16, 2020): asserts claims under FLSA and California Labor Code for alleged unpaid compensation and policy of rounding time;
• Arias v. High Tech Landscapes, Inc., No. 20-cv-07046 (D.N.J. June 10, 2020): asserts claims under FLSA for alleged failure to pay overtime wages;
• Garcia Chantez v. Victory Hospitality Management LLC, No. 20-cv-02590 (E.D.N.Y. June 10, 2020): asserts claims under FLSA for alleged unpaid wages, including overtime wages;
• Esco v. Dollar Tree Stores, Inc., No. 2020-00280479 (Cal. Super. Ct. June 10, 2020): asserts claims under California Unfair Business Practices Act based on alleged failure to provide proper safety measures for in-store employees;
• Porter v. Amazon.com Services, LLC, No. 20-cv-09496 (C.D. Cal. Oct. 16, 2020): asserts California Labor Code claims for failure to timely pay wages and provide meal and rest periods;
• Palmer v. Amazon.com, Inc., No. 20-cv-02468 (E.D.N.Y. June 3, 2020): asserts claims of public nuisance and New York labor laws based on allegedly inadequate safety protocols for fulfillment center employees;
• Osvatics v. Lyft, Inc., No. 20-cv-01426 (D.D.C. May 29, 2020): asserts claims under worker protection statutes based on alleged failure to provide paid sick leave to Lyft drivers;
• Benson v. Enterprise Holdings, Inc., No. 20-cv-00891 (M.D. Fla. May 27, 2020): asserts claims under WARN Act for alleged failure to provide notice before laying off hundreds of employees;
• Toc v. SNL Meat & Produce Corp., No. 20-cv-02339 (E.D.N.Y. May 26, 2020): asserts claims under FLSA for alleged unpaid wages, including overtime wages;
• Lange v. 24-Hour Medical Staffing Servs. LLC, No. 30-2020-01140958 (Cal. Super. Ct. May 26, 2020): asserts claims under California Labor Code for alleged unpaid wages and failure to provide adequate rest periods;
• Hernandez v. Galenos Medical Center Corp., No. 20-cv-22162 (S.D. Fla. May 25, 2020): asserts claims under FLSA for alleged unpaid overtime wages;
• Morales v. Sunrise Meats, Inc., No. 20-cv-61017 (S.D. Fla. May 22, 2020): asserts claims under FLSA and Florida Whistleblower Act for alleged failure to pay wages;
• McGhee v. Postmates, Inc., No. CGC-20-584341 (Cal. Super. Ct. May 22, 2020): asserts claims under California Labor Code for alleged unpaid wages and failure to provide necessary PPE;
• Maglana v. Celebrity Cruise Inc., No. 20-cv-221233 (S.D. Fla. May 21, 2020): asserts claims for, inter alia, employment discrimination on the basis of national origin;
• De La Cruz v. Hometown Buffet, Inc., No. 20-cv-04558 (C.D. Cal. May 21, 2020): asserts claims under WARN Act, FLSA, and California Labor Code for alleged improper termination and alleged failure to pay wages owed and to provide required employee protections;
• Massey v. McDonald’s Corp., No. 2020CH04247 (Ill. Circ. Ct. May 19, 2020): asserts claims of public nuisance and negligence for allegedly inadequate safety protocols for restaurant employees;
• Hess v. United Parcel Service, Inc., No. RG20078425 (Cal. Super. Ct. Oct. 30, 2020): asserts claims of public nuisance and unfair competition for allegedly inadequate safety protocols for employees;
• Zhang v. Fortune No. 1 Inc., No. 20 GDCV 00456 (Cal. Super. Ct. May 17, 2020): asserts claims under California Labor Code for alleged failure to pay minimum compensation and provide adequate rest periods;
• Gomez v. Chamiara, No. 20-cv-02190 (E.D.N.Y. May 14, 2020): asserts claims under Fair Labor Standards Act for alleged failure to pay employees’ minimum compensation.
• England v. United Airlines, No. 20-cv-02877 (N.D. Ill. May 13, 2020): asserts breach of contract claims on behalf of employees;
• Smith v. Ideal Image Development Corp., No. 20SL-CC02511 (Mo. Circ. Ct. May 6, 2020): asserts claims under WARN Act and state employment laws for alleged improper layoffs during pandemic and failure to pay wages owed;
  • Notice of Removal filed on June 12, 2020: No. 20-cv-00761 (E.D. Mo. June 12, 2020);
• Middleton v. Andino, No. 20-cv-01730 (D.S.C. May 1, 2020): asserts constitutional claims challenging state law requirement that absentee ballots be witnessed in order to be valid;
  • The District Court sided with the plaintiffs and stayed the requirement as unduly burdensome during the pandemic. The Circuit Court and the U.S. Supreme Court reversed and allowed the requirement to stay in effect;
• Green v. Hertz Corp., No. 20-cv-01006 (Apr. 30, 2020): asserts a violation of the WARN Act for failure to provide written notice before termination of employees;
• Hartstein v. Hyatt Corp., No. 20-cv-04874 (Cal. Super. Ct. Apr. 24, 2020): asserts a violation of the WARN Act and alleges failure to pay accrued wages and vacation time;
  • Notice of Removal filed on June 1, 2020 – No. 20-cv-04874 (C.D. Cal. June 1, 2020);
• Evans v. Dart, 20-cv-02453 (N.D. Ill. Apr. 21, 2020): asserts claims under Fair Labor Standards Act for alleged failure to pay employees’ minimum compensation.
• Miller v. Creative Hairdressers, Inc., 20-cv-00912 (M.D. Fla. Apr. 20, 2020): asserts claims under Fair Labor Standards Act for alleged failure to pay wages for the two weeks preceding closure of the restaurant;
• Haro v. Kaiser Foundation Hospitals, No. 20STCV15082 (Cal. Super. Ct. Apr. 17, 2020): asserts claims under California Labor Code for alleged failure to timely pay wages and compensation;
  • Notice of removal filed on July 6, 2020: No. 20-cv-06006 (C.D. Cal. July 6, 2020);
• Scott v. Hooters III, Inc., No. 8:20-cv-00882 (M.D. Fla. Apr. 16, 2020): asserts a violation of the WARN Act for failure to provide written notice before termination of employees;
• Allen v. Tableseide Restaurant Group LLC, No. 8:20-cv-843 (M.D. Fla. Apr. 13, 2020): asserts claims under Fair Labor Standards Act for alleged failure to pay wages for the two weeks preceding closure of the restaurant.
• Olsen v. Hair Cuttery, No. 1:20-cv-03760 (D.N.J. Apr. 7, 2020): asserts claim under Fair Labor Standards Act for allegedly closing hair salons in the middle of a pay period without payment.
• Siers v. Velodyne Lidar, No. 5:20-cv-02290 (N.D. Cal. Apr. 3, 2020): asserts claim under WARN Act for allegedly terminating over 140 employees with insufficient notice and using the pandemic as a pretext for layoffs;
• Braswell v. United States, No. 20-cv-00359 (Fed. Cl. Mar. 27, 2020); asserts federal statutory violations based on alleged failure to adequately compensate plaintiffs for working with or near infected people and items;
• Alaska State Employees v State of Alaska, No. 20-5652 (Super. Ct. Ak. Mar. 24, 2020): asserts claim for injunctive relief for public employees to reduce health risks.
• Burr v. Carnival Corp., No. 20-CA-002640 (Fla. Cir. Ct. Mar. 19, 2020): asserts claims by entertainers hired by cruise ships who claim entitlement to full compensation for canceled events.
• Verhines v. Uber Technology, Inc., No. 20-583684 (Cal. Super. Ct. Mar. 12, 2020): asserts claim for paid sick leave based on worker classification.
• Rogers v. Lyft, Inc., No. CGC-20-583685 (Cal. Super. Ct. Mar. 12, 2020): claims that Lyft failed to provide adequate paid sick leave, making drivers feel compelled to drive even if sick.

Event Cancellation and Service Disruption

Consumer claims based on the cancellation or disruption of events and services are likely to dominate court dockets in coming months.

Travel Cancellation

• Johner v. CSA Travel Protection & Ins. Svcs., No. 20-cv-11088 (E.D. Mo. Dec. 3, 2020) (travel insurance);
• Farmer v. Airbnb, Inc., No. 20-cv-07842 (N.D. Cal. Nov. 5, 2020) (AirBnB refund practices for hosts);
• Diaz v. Air China Ltd., No. 20-cv-07555 (S.D.N.Y. Sept. 15, 2020); Williams v. Air China Ltd., No. 20-cv-01883 (D.S.C. May 15, 2020);
• Cooper v. Generali Global Assistance, Inc., No. 200-cv-08569 (N.D. Cal. Dec. 3, 2020) (travel insurance); Schrader v. Generali U.S. Branch, No. 20-cv-04548 (E.D. Pa. Sept. 17, 2020); Young v. Generali U.S. Branch, No. 20-cv-01804 (S.D. Cal. Sept. 14, 2020); Swafford v. Generali U.S. Branch, No. 20-cv-07079 (S.D.N.Y. Aug. 31, 2020); Oglevee v. Generali U.S. Branch, No. 20-cv-01277 (W.D. Pa. Aug. 28, 2020); Robbins v. Generali Global Assistance, Inc., No. 20-cv-06635 (S.D.N.Y. Aug. 19, 2020); Flanigan v. Generali U.S. Branch, No. 20-cv-01807 (N.D. Ohio Aug. 14, 2020); Paterson v. Generali U.S. Branch, No. 20-cv-00266 (E.D. Tex. Aug. 13, 2020); Keith v. Generali U.S. Branch, No. 20-cv-10713 (D.S.C. Aug. 6, 2020); Sanchez v. Generali U.S. Branch, No. 20-cv-10673 (D. Kan. Aug. 5, 2020); Sheridan v. Assicurazioni Generali Group, S.p.A., No. 20-cv-00244 (E.D. Tex. July 20, 2020); Morris v. Assicurazioni Generali Group, S.p.A., No. 20-cv-04430 (S.D.N.Y. June 10, 2020); Robbins v. Generali Global Assistance, Inc., No. 20-cv-04904 (C.D. Cal. June 2, 2020); Nixon v. Generali US Branch, No. 20-cv-10779 (N.D. Ill. May 2, 2020) (travel insurance);
• Mahoney v. Expedia, Inc., No. 20-cv-01296 (W.D. Wash. Aug. 28, 2020);
• McMenamin v. Arch Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-01262 (W.D. Pa. Aug. 26, 2020) (travel insurance);
• Saag v. AGA Service Company, No. 20-cv-06704 (S.D.N.Y. Aug. 20, 2020); Bauer v. AGA Service Company, No. 20-cv-03138 (W.D. Mo. May 7, 2020) (travel insurance);
• Haas v. Travelex Insurance Services Inc., No. 20-cv-06171 (C.D. Cal. July 10, 2020) (travel insurance);
• Piercy v. Air Canada, No. 20-cv-04988 (S.D.N.Y. June 29, 2020); Vozzolo v. Air Canada, Inc., No. 20-cv-03503 (S.D.N.Y. May 5, 2020); Levu v. Air Canada, Inc., No. 20-cv-00703 (M.D. Fla. Apr. 23, 2020);
• Bess v. Frontier Airlines, Inc., No. 20-cv-01837 (D. Colo. June 22, 2020); Johnson v. Frontier Airlines, No. 20-cv-01751 (D. Colo. June 15, 2020); Rivera-De Leon v. Frontier Airlines, Inc., No. 20-cv-01518 (D. Colo. May 28, 2020); Sweet v. Frontier Airlines, Inc., No. 20-cv-00662 (D. Conn. May 13, 2020); Young v. Frontier Airlines, Inc., No. 20-cv-1152 (D. Colo. Apr. 23, 2020); Obertman v. Frontier Airlines Inc., No. 2:20-cv-00820 (E.D. Cal. Apr. 21, 2020);
• In re COVID-19 Airfare Refund Litigation, MDL No. 2957 (June 16, 2020);
• Gimello v. American Airlines Group, Inc., No. 20-cv-02834 (E.D. Pa. June 15, 2020); Ward v. American Airlines, Inc., No. 20-cv-00371 (N.D. Tex. Apr. 22, 2020);
• Polk v. Delta Air Lines, Inc., No. 20-cv-02461 (N.D. Ga. June 9, 2020); Daniels v. Delta Air Lines, Inc., No. 1:20-cv-01664 (N.D. Ga. Apr. 17, 2020);
• Singh Lupien v. Westjet Airlines Ltd., No. 108481648 (Fla. Circ. Ct. June 5, 2020);
• Gustafson v. Travel Guard Group, Inc., No. 20-cv-02272 (D. Kan. May 29, 2020) (travel insurance);
• Belanger v. Iberia Lineas Aereas de Espana S.A. Operadora, No. 20-cv-03087 (N.D. Ill. May 25, 2020);
• Subramanyam v. Royal Dutch Airlines, No. 20-cv-11296 (E.D. Mich. May 22, 2020);
• Beermann v. Tauck, Inc., No. 20-cv-00713 (D. Conn. May 21, 2020) (travel insurance);
• Jauregui v. China Eastern Airlines Corp. Ltd., No. 20-cv-04552 (C.D. Cal. May 20, 2020);
• Chandler v. Condor Flugdienst GmbH, No. 20-cv-00810 (D. Or. May 20, 2020);
• Bugarin v. All Nippon Airways Co., Ltd., No. 20-cv-03341 (N.D. Cal. May 15, 2020);
• Maree v. Deutsche Lufthansa AG, No. 20-cv-00885 (C.D. Cal. May 12, 2020); Castanares v. Deutsche Lufthansa AG, No. 20-cv-04261 (C.D. Cal. May 11, 2020);
• Zawacki v. Swoop, Inc., No. 20-cv-01100 (M.D. Fla. May 12, 2020);
• Dumitrescu v. Compania Panamena De Aviacion, No. 20-cv-02125 (E.D.N.Y. May 10, 2020);
• Reaves v. Norwegian Air Shuttle ASA, No. 20-cv-02121 (E.D.N.Y. May 9, 2020); Daversa-Evdyriadis v. Norwegian Air Shuttle ASA, No. 20-cv-00767 (C.D. Cal. Apr. 13, 2020);
• Diaz v. Spirit Airlines, Inc., No. 20-cv-60933 (S.D. Fla. May 8, 2020); Boucher v. Spirit Airlines, Inc., No. 20-cv-60829 (S.D. Fla. Apr. 22, 2020); Manchur v. Spirit Airlines, Inc., No. 20-cv-10771 (D. Mass. Apr. 21, 2020);
• Suarez v. Emirates, No. 20-cv-03623 (S.D.N.Y. May 8, 2020);
• Chaves v. TAP Air Portugal, No. 20-cv-02086 (E.D.N.Y. May 5, 2020);
• Ide v. British Airways, PLC, No. 20-cv-03542 (S.D.N.Y. May 6, 2020);
• Fensterer v. Capital One, N.A., No. 20-cv-05558 (D.N.J. May 5, 2020);
• Herrera v. Cathay Pacific Airways Ltd., No. 20-cv-03019 (N.D. Cal. May 1, 2020);
• Martinez-Sanchez v. Concesionaria Vuela Compania De Aviacion, No. 20-cv-1966 (E.D.N.Y. Apr. 29, 2020);
• Bratcher v. Allegiant Travel Co., No. 2:20-cv-00767 (D. Nev. Apr. 28, 2020);
• Milosevic v. Turk Hava Yollari A.O., Inc., No. 20-cv-03328 (S.D.N.Y. Apr. 28, 2020);
• Sholopa v. Turkish Airlines, Inc., No. 20-cv-03294 (S.D.N.Y. Apr. 27, 2020);
• Snyder v. Grupo Aeromexico S.A.B. de C.V., No. 2:20-cv-03649 (C.D. Cal. Apr. 20, 2020);
• Alvarez v. Hawaiian Airlines, Inc., No. 1-20-cv-00175 (D. Haw. Apr. 20, 2020);
• Herr v. Allegiant Air, LLC, No. 20-cv-01002 (E.D. Mich. Apr. 15, 2020);
• Bombin v. Southwest Airlines Co., No. 20-cv-01883 (E.D. Pa. Apr. 13, 2020);
• Levey v. Concesionaria Vuela Compania de Aviacion, No. 1:20-cv-02215 (N.D. Ill. Apr. 8, 2020);
• Utley v. United Airlines Holdings, Inc., No. 1:20-cv-00756 (N.D. Ohio Apr. 7, 2020); Rudolph v. United Airlines Holdings, Inc., No. 20-cv-02142 (N.D. Ill. Apr. 6, 2020).

Cases filed to date against non-airline travel companies seeking the refund of payments for cancelled itineraries based on breach of contract, consumer protection, and other theories include:

• Thoman v. StudentUniverse.com Inc., No. 20-cv-11326 (D. Mass. July 14, 2020) (travel booking);
• Cousin v. Balearia Caribbean Ltd., Corp., No. CACE-20-010943 (Fla. Circ. Ct. July 7, 2020) (cruise);
• Fitzgerald v. Grand Circle, LLC, No. 20-cv-02586 (E.D. Pa. June 1, 2020) (international trips);
• Corrigan v. EF Education Tours, Inc., No. 20-cv-11010 (D. Mass. May 27, 2020) (educational tours);
• Saperstein v. Thomas P. Gohagan & Co., No. 20-cv-03143 (N.D. Cal. May 7, 2020) (cruise and international travel);
• Tirozzi v. Lakeland Tours, LLC, No. 20-cv-30065 (D. Mass. Apr. 30, 2020) (pre-paid trip);
• Sides v. Global Travel Alliance, Inc., No. 20-cv-00053 (D. Mont. Apr. 24, 2020) (educational tours);
• Cahill v. Turnkey Vacation Rentals, Inc., No. 20-cv-00441 (W.D. Tex. Apr. 24, 2020) (vacation rentals);
• Mitchell v. NurseCon at Sea LLC, No. 1:20-cv-21503 (S.D. Fla. Apr. 8, 2020) (cruise);
• Douglas v. EF Inst. for Cultural Exch., Inc., No. 37-2020-00013374 (Cal. Super. Ct. Mar. 11, 2020); Grabovsky v. EF Inst. for Cultural Exch., No. 20-cv-00508 (S.D. Cal. Mar. 17, 2020) (educational tours).

Event Cancellation

Cases filed to date against event and ticketing companies seeking the refund of payments for sporting, music, theater, and other cultural events based on breach of contract, consumer protection, and other theories include:

• Bryant v. Premium Seats USA, LLC, No. 20-cv-62187 (S.D. Fla. Oct. 27, 2020);
• Shiflett v. Viagogo Entertainment, Inc., No. 20-cv-01880 (M.D. Fla. Aug. 12, 2020);
• Staniec v. City of Philadelphia, No. 200800985 (Pa. Ct. Com. Pl. Aug. 12, 2020) (road race registration fees);
• Wood v. StubHub, Inc., No. 20-cv-04125 (N.D. Cal. June 22, 2020); Menzel v. StubHub, Inc., No. CGC-20-584382 (Cal. Super. Ct. May 8, 2020); Reynolds v. StubHub, Inc., No. 20-cv-03508 (S.D.N.Y. May 5, 2020); Kopfmann v. StubHub, Inc., No. 20-cv-03025 (N.D. Cal. May 1, 2020); Alcaraz v. StubHub, Inc., No. 3:20-cv-02595 (N.D. Cal. Apr. 14, 2020); McMillan v StubHub, No. 20-cv-00319 (W.D. Wis. Apr. 2, 2020);
  • Motion for Multidistrict Litigation denied on August 6, 2020: MDL No. 2951
• Fils v. Internet Referral Services, LLC, No. 20-cv-02134 (S.D. Tex. June 17, 2020);
• Hatchmed Corp. v. Healthcare Information & Management Systems Society, Inc., No. 20-cv-03377 (N.D. Ill. June 8, 2020);
• Wellins v. Lockn’ LLC, No. 20-cv-03641 (N.D. Cal. June 1, 2020);
• Hernandez v. Ultra Enterprises Inc., No. 20-cv-22185 (S.D. Fla. May 26, 2020);
• Ellenwood v. World Triathalon Corp., No. 20-cv-01182 (M.D. Fla. May 22, 2020);
• Brooks v. Ultra Enterprises Inc., (Fla. Circ. Ct. May 18, 2020);
  • Notice of Removal filed: No. 20-cv-22495 (S.D. Fla. June 17, 2020);
• Gentry v. Kostecki, No. 20-cv-01284 (D. Colo. May 7, 2020);
• Wallach v. Houston Astros, LLC, No. 2020-10637 (Tex. Dist. Ct. May 4, 2020);
• Bromley v. SXSW, LLC, No. 1:20-cv-439 (W.D. Tex. Apr. 24, 2020);
• Trader v. SeatGeek, Inc., No. 20-cv-03248 (S.D.N.Y. Apr. 24, 2020);
• Tezak v. Live Nation Entm’t, Inc., No. 20-cv-02482 (N.D. Ill. Apr. 23, 2020);
• Nellis v. Vivid Seats LTD, No. 20-cv-02486 (N.D. Ill. Apr. 23, 2020);
• Ajzenman v. Office of the Comm’r of Baseball, No. 2:20-cv-03643 (C.D. Cal. Apr. 20, 2020);
• Hansen v. Ticketmaster Entm’t, Inc., No. 3:20-cv-02685 (N.D. Cal. Apr. 17, 2020);
• Nesis v. Do Lab, Inc., No. 2:20-cv-03452 (C.D. Cal. Apr. 14, 2020); Rutledge v. Do LaB Inc., (Cal. Super. Ct. Mar. 24, 2020).

Memberships, Services, and Subscriptions

Cases filed to date against fitness clubs, ski resorts, amusement parks, and other organizations seeking the refund of season passes and membership fees based on breach of contract, consumer protection, and other theories include:

• Blanks v. Fitness Int’l, LLC, No. 20-cv-07421 (N.D. Ill. Dec. 15, 2020) (fitness club);
• Brown v. U Gym, LLC, No. 20-cv-02119 (C.D. Cal. Nov. 3, 2020) (fitness club);
• Arvans v. Depositors Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-06570 (N.D. Ill. Nov. 4, 2020) (auto insurance);
• Roby v. Liberty Mut. Pers. Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-06832 (N.D. Ill. Nov. 18, 2020) (auto insurance);
• Thomas v. Geico Caus. Co., No. 20-cv-06453 (N.D. Ill. Oct. 30, 2020) (auto insurance);
• Handorf v. United Specialty Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-080072 (S.D. Iowa Oct. 16, 2020); Mueller v. United Specialty Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-07241 (E.D.N.Y. July 29, 2020); Tourgee v. United Specialty Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-00902 (W.D. Tex. Aug. 28, 2020); Mair v. United Specialty Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-00531 (C.D. Utah July 27, 2020); Bradley v. United Specialty Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-520 (E.D. Ark. May 18, 2020); Hoak v. United Specialty Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-01152 (D. Colo. Apr. 23, 2020) (insured ski passes);
• Pacheco v. You Fit Health Clubs, LLC, No. 20-cv-02984 (N.D. Tex. Sept. 28, 2020) (fitness club);
• Heindl v. Disney Destinations, LLC, No. 20-cv-01384 (M.D. Fla. Aug. 3, 2020) (amusement parks);
• Staley v. Arch Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-02223 (D. Colo. July 28, 2020); Parker v. Arch Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-00377 (C.D. Utah June 16, 2020); Jackson v. Arch Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-00496 (W.D. Mo. June 16, 2020); Osborn v. Arch Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-06345 (D.N.J. May 26, 2020); Rossi v. Arch Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-00411 (W.D. Mo. May 24, 2020) (insured ski passes);
• Rothman v. Equinox Holdings, Inc., No. 20-cv-09760 (C.D. Cal. Oct. 23, 2020) (fitness club);
• Christiansen v. Alterra Mountain Co., No. 20-cv-02021 (D. Colo. July 10, 2020); Goldsmith v. Alterra Mountain Co., No. 20-cv-05722 (C.D. Cal. June 26, 2020); Du v. Alterra Mountain Co., No. 20-cv-01699 (D. Colo. June 11, 2020); Simpson v. Alterra Mountain Co., No. 20-cv-01691 (D. Colo. June 10, 2020); Kress v. Alterra Mountain Co., No. 20-cv-01583 (D. Colo. June 2, 2020); Werner v. Alterra Mountain Co., No. 20-cv-01254 (D. Colo. May 5, 2020); Farmer v. Alterra Mountain Co., No. 1:20-cv-01175 (D. Colo. Apr. 27, 2020); Eckert v. Alterra Mountain Co., No. 1:20-cv-01158 (D. Colo. Apr. 24, 2020); Kramer v. Alterra Mountain Co., No. 20-cv-01057 (D. Colo. Apr. 14, 2014) (ski resort);
• Leon v. Disney Destinations, LLC, No. 20-cv-01227 (M.D. Fla. July 10, 2020) (amusement parks);
• McKenna v. Vail Corp., No. 20-cv-01881 (D. Colo. June 25, 2020); Bellafatto v. Vail Corp., No. 20-cv-01585 (D. Colo. June 2, 2020); Malachowky v. Vail Resorts, Inc., No. 20-cv-01529 (D. Colo. May 28, 2020); DiPirro v. Vail Resorts, Inc., No. 20-cv-01468 (D. Colo. May 22, 2020); Gasman v. Vail Corp., No. 20-cv-01475 (D. Colo. May 22, 2020); Rarick v. Vail Corp., No. 20-cv-01364 (D. Colo. May 13, 2020); McAuliffe v. Vail Corp., No. 1:20-cv-01176 (D. Colo. Apr. 27, 2020);  Clarke v. Vail Corp., No. 1:20-cv-01163 (D. Colo. Apr. 24, 2020); Faydenko v. Vail Resorts, Inc., No. 20-cv-01134 (D. Colo. Apr. 22, 2020); Han v. Vail Resorts, Inc., No. 20-cv-01121 (D. Colo. Apr. 21, 2020); Hunt v. Vail Corp., No. 4:20-cv-02463 (N.D. Cal. Apr. 10, 2020) (ski resort);
• Hodges v. Am. Specialty Health Inc., No. 20-cv-01158 (S.D. Cal. June 24, 2020) (fitness club);
• Gurwell v. Seaworld Parks & Entertainment, Inc., No. 20-cv-00312 (E.D. Va. June 22, 2020); Kouball v. Seaworld Parks & Entertainment, Inc., No. 20-cv-00870 (S.D. Cal. May 8, 2020) (amusement parks);
• Bautista v. Merlin Entertainments Group U.S. Holdings, Inc., No. 20-cv-01128 (S.D. Cal. June 19, 2020); Case v. Merlin Entertainments Group U.S. Holdings, Inc., No. 20-cv-01049 (S.D. Cal. June 8, 2020) (amusement parks);
• In re National Ski Pass Insurance Litigation, MDL No. 2955 (June 16, 2020);
• Quintanilla v. WW International, Inc. (Cal. Super. Ct. June 10, 2020); Vodden v. WW International, Inc., No. 20-cv-03856 (S.D.N.Y. May 18, 2020) (nutritional program);
  • Notice of removal filed in Quintanilla: No. 20-cv-06261 (C.D. Cal. July 30, 2020);
• Forbes v. Six Flags Great Adventure, LLC, No. 20-cv-06873 (D.N.J. June 4, 2020); McConnell v. Six Flags Entertainment Corp., No. 20-cv-03665 (C.D. Cal. Apr. 21, 2020) (amusement park);
• Shepherd v. Amazon.com, Inc., No. 706075/2020 (N.Y. Sup. Ct. May 29, 2020) (Amazon Prime membership);
• Davis v. Youfit Health Clubs, LLC, No. 107917643 (Fla. Circ. Ct. May 26, 2020) (fitness club);
• Hong v. Clubcorp USA, Inc., No. 20-cv-01310 (N.D. Tex. May 19, 2020) (private club membership); Cuenco v. Clubcorp USA, Inc., No. 20-cv-00744 (S.D. Cal. Apr. 23, 2020) (private club);
• Muller v. Durham School Services, L.P., No. 20-cv-05813 (D.N.J. May 12, 2020) (bussing services);
• Williams v. 24 Hour Fitness USA, Inc., No. 20-cv-03096 (N.D. Cal. May 5, 2020); Labib v. 24 Hour Fitness USA, No. 3:20-cv-02134 (N.D. Cal. Mar. 27, 2020) (fitness club);
• Holloway v. Planet Fitness Franchising LLC, No. 1:20-cv-01868 (N.D. Ga. Apr. 30, 2020) (fitness club);
• Reingold v. Elements Therapeutic Massage, LLC, No. 20-cv-00785 (C.D. Cal. Apr. 22, 2020) (massage studios);
• Danforth v. Town Sports International, LLC, No. 7:20-cv-03195 (S.D.N.Y. Apr. 22, 2020) (fitness club);
• Hunt v. Fitness Evolution Inc., No. 4:20-cv-02461 (N.D. Cal. Apr. 10, 2020) (fitness club);
• Rezai-Hariri v. Magic Mountain LLC, No. 20-cv-00716 (C.D. Cal. Apr. 10, 2020) (ski resort);
• Delvecchio v. Boston Sports Clubs, No. 20-cv-10666 (D. Mass. Apr. 5, 2020) (fitness club);
• Jampol v. Blink Holdings, No. 20-cv-02760 (S.D.N.Y. Apr. 2, 2020) (fitness club);
• Carisi v. Events and Adventures California, No. 3:20-cv-02260 (N.D. Cal. Apr. 2, 2020) (dating service);
• Barnett v. Fitness International, LLC, No. 0:20-cv-60658 (S.D. Fla. Mar. 30, 2020) (fitness club);
• Namorato v. New York Sports Clubs, No. 20-cv-02580 (S.D.N.Y. Mar. 26, 2020) (fitness club).

Government and Civil Rights

Governments and public officials may face a higher risk of class action litigation based on their response to COVID-19 and handling of prison inmates and detainees.

Prisoner and Detainee Release

Cases filed to date against corrections facilities seeking habeas corpus and other constitutional relief for prisoners and immigration detainees based on the risk of exposure to COVID-19 include:

• Ryan v.. Tarvald Anthony Smith, No. 20-cv-00843 (M.D. Ala. Dec. 14, 2020) (pre-trial detainees);
• Smith v. Barr, No. 20-cv-00630 (S.D. Ind. Nov. 25, 2020) (presoners);
• Boatman v. DeSantis (Fla. 2020) (detainees in civil commitment);
• Jones v. Hill, No. 20-cv-02791 (N.D. Ga. July 1, 2020) (prisoners);
• Fenty v. Penzone, No. 20-cv-01192 (D. Ariz. June 16, 2020) (prisoners);
• Williams v. Federal Bureau of Prisons, No. 20-cv-00890 (D.D.C. June 2, 2020) (prisoners);
• Busby v. Bonner, No. 20-cv-02359 (W.D. Tenn. May 20, 2020) (prisoners);
• Torres v. Milusnic, No. 20-cv-04450 (C.D. Cal. May 16, 2020) (prisoners);
• Wilson v. Ponce, No. 20-cv-04451 (C.D. Cal. May 16, 2020) (prisoners);
• Denbow v. Maine Department of Corrections, No. 20-cv-00175 (D. Me. May 15, 2020) (prisoners);
• J.H. v. Edwards, No. 20-cv-00293 (M.D. La. May 14, 2020) (juvenile prisoners);
• Waddell v. Taylor, No. 20-cv-00340 (S.D. Miss. May 14, 2020) (prisoners);
• Lucero-Gonzales v. Kline, No. 20-cv-00901 (D. Az. May 8, 2020) (prisoners);
• Russel v. Wayne County, Michigan, No. 20-cv-11094 (E.D. Mich. May 4, 2020) (prisoners);
• Wragg v. Ortiz, No. 20-cv-05496 (D.N.J. May 4, 2020) (prisoners);
• McPherson v. Lamont, No. 20-cv-534 (D. Conn. April 20, 2020) (prisoners); Wilkes v. Lamont, No. 20-cv-00594 (D. Conn. Apr. 30, 2020) (patients committed to psychiatric facility);
• Ahlman v. Barnes, No. 20-cv-00835 (C.D. Cal. Apr. 30, 2020) (prisoners);
  • After losing at the Ninth Circuit, the defendants have petitioned the Supreme Court challenging the lower courts’ failure to stay an injunction issued by the district court because the injunction requires conduct exceeding CDC guidelines;
• Swain v. Junior, No. 20-cv-21457 (S.D. Fla. Apr. 4, 2020) (prisoners) (the court granted the request for preliminary injunction, which the defendant appealed to the Eleventh Circuit on Apr. 30, 2020, No. 20-11622);
• Williams v. Witte, No. 20-cv-00304 (N.D. Ala. Apr. 29, 2020) (detainees);
• Abrams v. Chapman, No. 20-cv-11053 (E.D. Mich. Apr. 29, 2020) (prisoners);
• Fernandez-Rodriguez v. Licon-Vitale, No. 1:20-cv-03315 (S.D.N.Y. Apr. 28, 2020) (prisoners);
• Martinez-Brooks v. Easter, No. 3:20-cv-00569 (D. Conn. Apr. 27, 2020) (prisoners);
• Cullors v. County of Los Angeles, No. 20-cv-03760 (C.D. Cal. Apr. 24, 2020) (prisoners);
• Voltz-Loomis v. McMaster, No. 20-cv-01533 (D.S.C. Apr. 21, 2020) (prisoners);
• Frazier v. Kelley, No. 4:20-cv-00434 (E.D. Ark. Apr. 21, 2020) (prisoners);
• Seth v. McDonough, No. 8:20-cv-01028 (D. Md. Apr. 21, 2020) (prisoners);
• Zepeda Rivas v. Jennings, No. 20-cv-02731 (N.D. Cal. Apr. 20, 2020) (detainees);
• Remick v. City of Philadelphia, No. 20-cv-01959 (E.D. Pa. Apr. 20, 2020) (prisoners);
• Baez v. McDonald, No. 20-cv-10753 (D. Mass. Apr. 17, 2020) (prisoners);
• Novoa v. The GEO Group, Inc., No. 5:17-cv-02514 (C.D. Cal. Apr. 16, 2020) (prisoners and detainees);
• Grinis v. Spaulding, No. 1:20-cv-10738 (D. Mass. Apr. 15, 2020) (prisoners and detainees);
• Hernandez Roman v. Wolf, No. 20-cv-00768 (C.D. Cal. Apr. 13, 2020) (detainees);
• Gayle v. Meade, No. 20-cv-21553 (S.D. Fla. Apr. 13, 2020) (detainees);
• Wilson v. Williams, No. 20-cv-00794 (N.D. Ohio Apr. 13, 2020) (prisoners);
• Callicotte v. Gonzales, No. 20-cv-01369 (S.D. Tex. Apr. 13, 2020) (prisoners);
• Sanchez v. Dallas County Sheriff Marian Brown; No. 20-cv-00832 (N.D. Texas Apr. 9, 2020) (prisoners);
• Augusto v. Moniz, No. 20-cv-10685 (D. Mass. Apr. 7, 2020) (detainees);
• Maney v. Brown, No. 20-cv-00570 (D. Or. Apr. 6, 2020) (prisoners);
• Barnes v. Jeffreys, No. 20-cv-02137 (N.D. Ill. Apr. 5, 2020) (prisoners);
• Mays v. Dart, No. 1:20-cv-2134 (N.D. Ill. Apr. 3, 2020) (prisoners);
• Hope v. Doll, No. 20-cv-00562 (M.D. Pa. Apr. 3, 2020) (detainees);
  • The court granted the request for preliminary injunction on April 7, 2020. The government appealed this decision on April 10, 2020;
• Money v. Jeffreys, No. 20-cv-02094 (N.D. Ill. Apr. 2, 2020) (prisoners);
• Banks v. Booth, No. 20-cv-00849 (D.D.C. Mar. 30, 2020) (prisoners and detainees);
• National Immigration Project of the National Lawyers Guild v. Executive Office of Immigration Review, No. 1:20-cv-00852 (D.D.C. Mar. 30, 2020) (detainees);
• Valentine v. Collier, No. 4:20-cv-01115 (S.D. Tex. Mar. 30, 2020) (prisoners and detainees);
• Savino v. Hodgson, No. 1:20-cv-10617 (D. Mass. Mar. 27, 2020) (prisoners and detainees);
• Nellson v. Barnhart, No. 1:20-cv-00756 (D. Colo. Mar. 18, 2020) (prisoners and detainees);
• Dawson v. Asher, No. 20-civ-0409JLR (W.D. Wash. Mar. 16, 2020) (prisoners and detainees).

State and Federal Executive Orders and Government Actions

Cases filed to date against federal and state governments asserting civil rights and constitutional claims based on executive orders and other actions in response to COVID-19 include:

• Seaport House v. Cuomo, No. 20-cv-10932 (S.D.N.Y. Dec. 25, 2020); Heidel v. Cuomo, No. 20-cv-10462 (S.D.N.Y. Dec. 10, 2020); Il Bacco Restaurant Corp. v. Cuomo, No. 156910/2020 (N.Y. Sup. Ct. Aug. 28, 2020): assert constitutional claims challenging state executive order limiting bsiness operations during the pandemic;
• E.G. v. City of New York, No. 20-cv-09879 (S.D.N.Y. Nov. 24, 2020): asserts constitutional claims for alleged failure to provide a basic education to children living in New York City shelters;
• Tuck’s Restaurant and Bar v. Newsom, No. 20-cv-02256 (E.D. Cal. Nov. 11, 2020): challenging state executive orders causing closure of businesses;
• 828 Management, LLC v. Broward County, No. CACE-20-017321 (Fla. Circ. Ct. Oct. 19, 2020): asserts constitutional claims challenging county orders restricting hours of bars and restaurants during the pandemic;
• Plaza Motors of Brooklyn, Inc. v. Cuomo, No. 20-cv-04851 (E.D.N.Y. Oct. 8, 2020); Omnistone Corp. v. Cuomo, No. 20-cv-02153 (E.D.N.Y. May 12, 2020): challenging state executive orders causing closure of businesses;
• Prestige Transportation Inc. v. U.S. Small Business Administration, No. 20-cv-08963 (C.D. Cal. Sept. 30, 2020): asserts constitutional and federal statutory claims for alleged discrimination in implementing eligibility requirements for EIDL Emergency Grants under the CARES ACT;
• My Dream Boutique v. County of Los Angeles, No. 20-cv-08896 (C.D. Cal. Sept. 28, 2020); Rivas Sports, Inc. v. County of Los Angeles, No. 20-cv-08312 (C.D. Cal. Sept. 10, 2020): asserts constitutional claims challenging county order causing closure of interior mall stores;
• Moore v. Circosta, No. 20-cv-00182 (E.D.N.C. Sept. 26, 2020): asserts constitutional claims based on allegedly improper changes to voting procedures in response to the pandemic;
• Organization for Black Struggle v. Ashcroft, No. 20-cv-04184 (W.D. Mo. Sept. 17, 2020): asserts constitutional and civil rights claims based on allegedly inadequate remote voting procedures;
• Bill & Ted’s Riviera, Inc. v. Cuomo, No. 20-cv-01001 (N.D.N.Y. Aug. 28, 2020); DiMartile v. Cuomo, No. 20-cv-00859 (N.D.N.Y. July 31, 2020): assert constitutional claims challenging state executive order limiting “non-essential” gatherings to fifty people during the pandemic;
• Berg v. County of Los Angeles, No. 20-cv-07870 (C.D. Cal. Aug. 27, 2020): asserts civil rights claims based on alleged failure to follow proper safety protocols when arresting and detaining protestors;
• New York v. Trump, No. 20-cv-02340 (D.D.C. Aug. 25, 2020); Pennsylvania v. DeJoy, No. 20-cv-04096 (E.D. Pa. Aug. 21, 2020); Johnakin v. U.S. Postal Service, No. 20-cv-04055 (E.D. Pa. Aug. 19, 2020); Washington v. Trump, No. 20-cv-03127 (E.D. Wash. Aug. 18, 2020); Jones v. U.S. Postal Service, No. 20-cv-06516 (S.D.N.Y. Aug. 17, 2020): asserts constitutional claims challenging federal actions limiting the funding and functionality of the Post Office during the pandemic, particularly as applied to absentee voting;
• P.J.E.S. v. Wolf, No. 20-cv-02245 (D.D.C. Aug. 14, 2020): asserts constitutional claims challenging federal government’s policies resulting in summary expulsion of unaccompanied migrant minors during the pandemic;
• Warfield v. Mnuchin, No. 20-cv-04121 (D.S.D. Aug. 14, 2020); Scholl v. Mnuchin, No. 20-cv-05309 (N.D. Cal. Aug. 1, 2020); Galvan v. Mnuchin, No. 20-cv-04511 (N.D. Ill. July 31, 2020): assert constitutional claims as well as claims under the CARES Act and Administrative Procedure Act challenging federal government’s alleged failure to provide relief payments to incarcerated individuals;
• Castillo v. Whitmer, No. 20-cv-00751 (W.D. Mich. Aug. 11, 2020): asserts constitutional claims challenging state policy subjecting Latino individuals to mandatory COVID-19 testing;
• Hotze v. Abbott, No. 20-cv-00345 (E.D. Tex. Aug. 11, 2020): asserts constitutional claims challenging state executive orders related to the pandemic and state contact tracing program;
• Denver Bible Church v. Azar II, No. 20-cv-02362 (D. Colo. Aug. 9, 2020): asserts constitutional claims challenging state executive orders causing shut down of religious services;
• Beahn v. Gayles, No. 20-cv-02240 (D. Md. Aug. 3, 2020); Beahn v. Gayles, No. 20-cv-02239 (D. Md. Aug. 3, 2020);: asserts constitutional claims challenging state executive order that limits the physical opening of religious and private schools;
• 4 Aces Enterprises LLC v. Bel Edwards, No. 20-cv-02150 (E.D. La. July 30, 2020): asserts constitutional claims challenging state executive order relating to restrictions on bars and restaurants;
• Santore v. Cuomo, No. 20-cv-00850 (N.D.N.Y. July 29, 2020): asserts constitutional claims challenging state executive order limiting gathering sizes as applied to fireworks displays;
• J.T. v. de Blasio, No. 20-cv-05878 (S.D.N.Y. July 28, 2020): asserts claims under federal and state statutes for alleged failure to provide adequate educational programs for children with learning disabilities during the pandemic;
• Pins Mechanical Co., LLC v. City of Columbus, No. 20CV004877 (Ohio Ct. Com. Pl. July 28, 2020): asserts constitutional claims challenging local ordinance limiting hours of bars and restaurants during the pandemic;
  • Notice of removal filed on July 31, 2020: No. 20-cv-03845 (S.D. Ohio July 31, 2020);
• Poder in Action v. City of Phoenix, No. 20-cv-01429 (D. Ariz. July 20, 2020): asserts constitutional and Federal Fair Housing Act claims based on city allegedly prohibiting immigrants from participating in emergency housing program;
• Royal v. Detroit Public Schools Community District, No. 20-cv-11947 (E.D. Mich. July 20, 2020): asserts constitutional and civil rights claims seeking to stop public school system from reopening live classrooms in the fall of 2020;
  • Dismissed as moot on August 28, 2020;
• Gallagher v. New York State Bd. of Elections, No. 20-cv-05504 (S.D.N.Y. July 17, 2020): asserts constitutional claims challenging the state’s allegedly inadequate absentee voting procedures;
• Gilliam v. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, No. 20-cv-03504 (E.D. Pa. July 16, 2020): asserts claims under Families First Coronavirus Response Act based on agency’s alleged failure to provide emergency SNAP benefits;
• Baptiste v. Massachusetts, No. 20-cv-11335 (D. Mass. July 15, 2020): asserting constitutional claims challenging state law that created a moratorium on evictions and foreclosures during the pandemic;
• Srabyan v. New York, No. 20-cv-03137 (E.D.N.Y. July 14, 2020): asserting constitutional claims challenging state plan for reopening public schools in the fall of 2020;
• American College of Obstetricians & Gynecologists v. U.S. Food & Drug Administration, No. 20-cv-01320 (D. Md. July 13, 2020): asserting constitutional claims challenging FDA requirements of in-person dispensing and signature requirements for abortion medication during the pandemic;
• Taylor v. City of Detroit, No. 20-cv-11860 (E.D. Mich. July 9, 2020): asserting civil rights claims based on water service shutoff and water bill affordability during the pandemic;
• National Association of Theatre Owners v. Murphy, No. 20-cv-08298 (D.N.J. July 6, 2020): asserts constitutional claims based on continued closure of movie theaters by state executive order;
• Illinois Republican Party v. Pritzker, No. 20-cv-03489 (N.D. Ill. July 2, 2020): asserts constitutional claims challenging state executive order limiting public gatherings to less than fifty people;
• Estevez v. Hillsborough County, No. 20-CA-5233 (Fla. Circ. Ct. June 26, 2020): asserts constitutional claims challenging county order requiring wearing of protective face coverings;
• The NOLC, Inc. v. United States, No. 20-cv-00294 (N.D. Okla. June 19, 2020): asserts constitutional claims based on alleged discrimination against businesses owned by women and minorities in implementing the CARES Act;
• Association of Jewish Camp Operators v. Cuomo, No. 20-cv-00687 (N.D.N.Y. June 18, 2020): asserts constitutional claims challenging state executive order causing closure of Jewish overnight camps during the pandemic;
• Cafaro-Peachcreek Joint Venture Partnership v. Wolf, No. 20-cv-00155 (W.D. Pa. June 17, 2020): asserts civil rights claims challenging the state’s order causing business closures during the pandemic;
• Nowlin v. Pritzker, No. 20-cv-01229 (C.D. Ill. June 15, 2020): asserts constitutional claims challenging the state’s stay-at-home order;
• Hotze v. Abbott, No. 20-cv-02104 (S.D. Tex. June 15, 2020): asserts constitutional claims challenging the state’s stay-at-home order and reopening plan;
• Ent Int’l Realty Corp. v. Cuomo, No. 20-cv-04277 (S.D.N.Y. June 4, 2020): seeking an injunction preventing the collection of property taxes based on state executive order limiting landlords’ ability to collect rent;
• Cole v. Mnuchin, No. 20-cv-01423 (D.D.C. May 29, 2020): alleging violation of the CARES Act based on the offset of student loan debt on federal tax refunds for student loan borrowers;
• Gomez v. Trump, No. 20-cv-01419 (D.D.C. May 28, 2020): challenging presidential proclamation causing restrictions on visa processing for immigrants during the pandemic;
• Elmsford Apartment Associates, LLC v. Cuomo, No. 20-cv-04062 (S.D.N.Y. May 27, 2020): challenging state executive order prohibiting landlords from initiating eviction proceedings and requiring application of security deposits to unpaid rent with tenant consent;
• Talleywhacker, Inc. v. Cooper, No. 20-cv-00218 (E.D.N.C. May 26, 2020): asserting constitutional claims challenging the state executive order causing business closures during the pandemic;
• Islam v. Cuomo, No. 20-cv-02328 (E.D.N.Y. May 25, 2020): asserts civil rights claims based on alleged failure to timely provide unemployment benefits to former ride-share drivers;
• Democracy North Carolina v. North Carolina State Board of Elections, No. 20-cv-00457 (M.D.N.C. May 22, 2020): asserting civil rights claims based on alleged failure to create a safe and accessible voting system;
• Devine v. Sununu, No. 218-2020-cv-00602 (N.H. Super. Cut. May 22, 2020): asserting constitutional claims based on the state’s allegedly inadequate implementation of remote learning procedures;
• Hall v. U.S. Dep’t of Agriculture, No. 20-cv-03454 (N.D. Cal. May 21, 2020): challenging the USDA’s interpretation of the Families First Act;
• Clark v. Bel Edwards, No. 20-cv-00308 (M.D. La. May 19, 2020): challenging state government’s alleged failure to create adequate and safe voting procedures during the pandemic;
• League of Women Voters of Minnesota Education Fund v. Simon, No. 20-cv-01205 (D. Minn. May 19, 2020): asserts constitutional claims based on state’s alleged failure to implement safe voting procedures during the pandemic;
• F Four, LLC v. Page, No. 20-cv-00656 (E.D. Mo. May 18, 2020): challenging county order causing business closures during the pandemic;
• The Local Spot, Inc. v. Lee, No. 20-cv-00421 (M.D. Tenn. May 18, 2020): challenging travel restrictions and state orders causing business closures during the pandemic;
• Blackburn v. Dare County, No. 20-cv-00027 (E.D.N.C. May 15, 2020): challenging county orders prohibiting entry of non-resident landowners;
• TD’s Western Wear and Tack, LLC v. Tennessee, No. 20-cv-00206 (E.D. Tenn. May 13, 2020): challenging state executive orders directing business closures during the pandemic;
• Fugazi v. Padilla, No. 20-at-00467 (E.D. Cal. May 12, 2020): challenging the county’s treatment of mail-in-ballots and voting procedures during the pandemic;
• Ramsek v. Beshear, No. 20-cv-00036 (E.D. Ky. May 10, 2020): challenging state executive orders limiting mass gatherings during the pandemic;
• McCarthy v. Cuomo, No. 20-cv-02124 (E.D.N.Y. May 9, 2020): asserting constitutional claims challenging state order causing closure of businesses and challenging implementation of the PPP program by the Small Business Administration;
• Michie v. Newsom, No. 20-cv-4213 (C.D. Cal. May 8, 2020): challenging the state executive order and state actions curtailing rent payments during the pandemic;
• Does v. Trump, No. 20-cv-00704 (E.D. Wis. May 8, 2020); Doe v. Trump, No. 20-cv-858 (C.D. Cal. May 6, 2020); Doe v. Trump, No. 20-cv-00430 (W.D. Wis. May 6, 2020); Doe v. Trump, No. 1:20-cv-02531 (N.D. Ill. Apr. 24, 2020): alleging discriminatory purpose and intent in implementing the CARES Act;
• Elim Romanian Pentecostal Church v. Pritzker, No. 20-cv-02782 (N.D. Ill. May 7, 2020): challenging state executive order limiting mass gatherings and its impact on worship services;
• Alsop v. Desantis, No. 20-cv-01052 (M.D. Fla. May 7, 2020): challenging state executive orders prohibiting vacation rentals during the pandemic;
• Spell v. Edwards, No. 20-cv-00282 (M.D. La. May 7, 2020): challenging state executive orders limiting mass gatherings during the pandemic;
• Power Coalition for Equity & Justice v. Edwards, No. 20-cv-00283 (M.D. La. May 7, 2020): challenging the state’s restrictions on absentee voting during the pandemic;
• Gottlieb v. Lamont, No. 20-cv-00623 (D. Conn. May 6, 2020): challenging government’s decision to require in-person ballots for primaries and general elections;
• Fair Maps Nevada v. Cegavske, No. 20-cv-00271 (D. Nev. May 6, 2020): seeking relief from ballot initiative deadlines based on difficulty of collecting signatures during the pandemic;
• Key v. Cuomo, No. 20-cv-03533 (S.D.N.Y. May 6, 2020); Yang v. New York State Board of Elections, No. 20-cv-03325 (S.D.N.Y. Apr. 28, 2020): seeking damages as well as injunctive and declaratory relief for the cancellation of the New York Democratic Presidential Primary;
• R.V. v. Mnuchin, No. 20-cv-01148 (D. Md. May 5, 2020): alleging discriminatory intent in implementing the CARES Act by excluding U.S. children who have undocumented immigrants as parents;
• Benner v. Wolf, No. 20-cv-00775 (M.D. Pa. May 11, 2020); Paradise Concepts, Inc. v. Wolf, No. 20-cv-02161 (E.D. Pa. May 5, 2020): challenging the Pennsylvania government’s policy of denying waivers for companies that are required to be shut down by COVID-19 executive orders;
• Simon v. City of Knoxville, No. 20-cv-00197 (E.D. Tenn. May 5, 2020): challenging city orders requiring the closure of businesses during the pandemic;
• Nielsen v. Desantis, No. 20-cv-00236 (N.D. Fla. May 4, 2020): asserting constitutional claims based on state’s alleged failure to enact adequate voting procedures during the pandemic;
• Carranza v. United States Immigration & Customs Enforcement, No. 20-cv-424 (D.N.M. May 4, 2020): seeks relief for alleged violations of constitutional and statutory rights of detainees facing pending immigration proceedings;
• Frank v. City of St. Louis, No. 20-cv-00597 (E.D. Mo. May 1, 2020): seeks relief for unsheltered individuals threatened with punishment under stay at home orders;
• Barber v. DeVos, No. 20-cv-01137 (D.D.C. Apr. 30, 2020): seeks compliance with student loan wage garnishment suspension directive of the CARES act;
• Robinson v. Murphy, No. 20-cv-05420 (D.N.J. Apr. 30, 2020): asserts constitutional claims challenging state executive order limiting public gatherings during the pandemic;
• Tully v. Okeson, No. 20-cv-01271 (S.D. Ind. Apr. 29, 2020): asserts constitutional claims challenging Indiana’s allegedly inadequate absentee voting procedures;
  • The District Court denied Plaintiffs’ Motion for a Preliminary Injunction on August 21, 2020, and the Plaintiffs filed a Notice of Appeal to the Seventh Circuit on August 24.
• Martinez v. Cuomo, No. 20-cv-03338 (S.D.N.Y. Apr. 29, 2020): challenging accessibility of government briefings for the hearing impaired under the ADA;
• AALFA Family Clinic v. Walz, No. 20-cv-01037 (D. Minn. Apr. 28, 2020): challenging state stay-at home order as a violation of fundamental rights and challenging state’s allowance of using PPE for abortions but not other elective surgeries;
• Gill v. Pa. Dep’t of Health, No. 2:20-cv-02038 (E.D. Pa. Apr. 28, 2020): alleged failure to complete ADA inspections of long term care facilities during the pandemic;
• Uzoegwu v. Mnuchin, No. 20-cv-03264 (S.D.N.Y. Apr. 24, 2020): alleged discrimination on the basis of familial status in implementing stimulus payments under the CARES Act;
• Lighthouse Fellowship Church v. Northam, 20-cv-00204 (E.D. Va. Apr. 24, 2020): challenging state executive orders related to the pandemic and their impact on worship services;
• Infinity Consulting Group, LLC v. United States, No. 20-cv-00981 (D. Md. Apr. 17, 2020): alleged discriminatory purpose and intent in implementing the CARES Act;
• Maryville Baptist Church, Inc. v. Beshear, No. 20-cv-00278 (W.D. Ky. Apr. 17, 2020): challenging state executive order limiting worship services;
• Jani-King International, Inc. v. U.S. Small Business Administration, No. 20-cv-00989 (D.D.C. Apr. 15, 2020): alleging improper implementation of the Paycheck Protection Program;
• Beemer v. Whitmer, No. 1:20-cv-00323 (W.D. Mich. Apr. 15, 2020): challenging the state stay-at-home order as a violation of fundamental rights;
• Roberts v. Neace, No. 20-cv-00054 (E.D. Ky. Apr 14, 2020): challenging the state stay-at-home order as a violation of fundamental rights;
• DV Diamond Club of Flint, LLC v. U.S. Small Business Administration, No. 20-cv-10899 (E.D. Mich. Apr. 8, 2020): alleging improper discrimination in the implementation of the Paycheck Protection Program;
• Black Voters Matter Fund v. Raffensperger, No. 20-cv-01489 (N.D. Ga. Apr. 8, 2020): asserting constitutional claims challenging allegedly inadequate remote voting procedures during the pandemic;
  • On August 28, 2020, the district court entered an order for the Defendants. Plaintiffs filed a notice of appeal to the Eleventh Circuit on September 9, 2020.
• CommCan, Inc. v. Baker (Mass. Super. Ct. No. 2084CV00808, Apr. 8, 2020): challenging classification of recreational marijuana stores as non-essential;
• Piilani v. Colorado, No. 20-cv-00960 (D. Colo. Apr. 6, 2020): challenging the state stay-at-home order as a violation of fundamental rights;
• Lawrence v. Colorado, No. 20-cv-00862 (D. Colo. Mar. 30, 2020): challenging state pandemic orders and their impact on church services;
• Stafford v. Baker, No. 5_20-cv-00123 (E.D.N.C. Mar. 27, 2020): challenging an executive order limiting the number of gun permits issued during the pandemic;
• Schulmerich Bells, LLC v. Wolf, No. 2:20-cv-01637 (E.D. Pa. Mar. 26, 2020): challenging closure orders for failure to compensate for diminution of value in property interests.

Foreign Government and NGO Actions

Cases filed to date against foreign governments and international non-governmental organizations based on their response to the COVID-19 pandemic include:

• Patella v. People’s Republic of China, No. 20-cv-00433 (M.D.N.C. May 15, 2020); Edwards v. People’s Republic of China, No. 20-cv-01393 (E.D. La. May 8, 2020): asserts claims of negligence and fraud for failure to contain the virus);
• Benitez-White v. People’s Republic of China, No. 20-cv-01562 (S.D. Tex. May 3, 2020): asserts claims for wrongful death, personal injury, gross negligence, and unjust enrichment based on allegations the COVID-19 virus originated from the Wuhan Biosafety Level 4 lab;
• Kling v. World Health Org., No. 7:20-cv-03124 (S.D.N.Y. Apr. 20, 2020): asserts claims of negligence for the WHO’s alleged failure in containing the COVID-19 virus and in failing to timely declare the crisis a public health emergency;
• Smith v. People’s Republic of China, No. 20-cv-01958 (E.D. Pa. Apr. 20, 2020): asserts claims of negligence and reckless indifference for failure to contain the virus;
• Aharon v. Chinese Communist Party, No. 9:20-cv-80604 (S.D. Fla. Apr. 7, 2020): alleging that China has been stockpiling personal protective equipment during the COVID-19 crisis;
• Bella Vista LLC et al. v. People’s Republic of China et al., No. 2:20-cv-00574 (D. Nev. Mar. 23 2020); Alters et al. v. People’s Republic of China et al., No. 1:20-cv-21108-UU (S.D. Fla. Mar. 12, 2020): assert claims by small businesses for negligence, strict liability, and public nuisance against Chinese government entities and ministries for failing to take appropriate actions to stem the spread of the coronavirus.

Healthcare Providers and Nursing Facilities

Hospitals, healthcare providers and nursing and residential care facilities may face class action litigation based in contract or tort relating to their response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Unless states have laws or orders limiting civil liability, these entities are potentially at risk of class action litigation.

• The following states have enacted legislation or executive orders to shield healthcare providers from civil liability arising from the pandemic: Connecticut; Illinois; Massachusetts; Michigan; New Jersey; New York. The Pennsylvania legislature rejected similar legislation.  
• Hart v. Clendenin, Director of California Department of State Hospitals, No. 20-cv-01559 (C.D. Cal. Aug. 5, 2020): asserts constitutional and ADA claims for failure to reasonably protect committed patients from risk of COVID-19;
• Estate of Joseph Sniadach v. Walsh, No. 20-cv-30115 (D. Mass. July 17, 2020): asserts constitutional claims based on alleged failure to protect residents of a veterans’ home from exposure to COVID-19.
• Fraser v. Team Health Holdings, Inc., No. 20-cv-04600 (July 10, 2020): asserts RICO and consumer protection claims for alleged fraudulent billing practices leading to inflated health care costs;
• Schoengood v. Hofgur LLC, No. 20-cv-02022 (E.D.N.Y. May 4, 2020): asserts claims under ADA and Rehabilitation Act for alleged failure to provide adequate care to long term care residents;
• Estate of Joseph Maglioli v. Andover Subacute Rehabilitation Center I, No. 20-cv-06605 (N.J. Super. Ct. Apr. 28, 2020);
  • Notice of Removal filed on May 29, 2020 – Docket No. 20-cv-06605 (D.N.J. May 29, 2020);

Insurance

Insurers face heightened class action litigation risk as insured businesses encounter disruptions and look to their policies for relief and healthcare providers and health insurance subscribers seek coverage for COVID-19 treatments. Cases filed to date asserting breach of contract and declaratory judgment claims against insurers for failure to cover losses from forced business closures as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and state executive orders include:

• Davis Fitness Studio One LLC v. Arch Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-10812 (D.N.J. Aug. 19, 2020); Legacy Gymnastics, LLC v. Arch Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-04214 (W.D. Mo. Nov. 2, 2020);
• Cammie’s Spectacular Salon v. Mid-Century Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-12324 (D.N.J. Sept. 3, 2020);
• Park Place Hospitality, LLC v. Continental Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-06403 (N.D. Ill. Oct. 28, 2020); Selane Products, Inc. v. Continental Casualty Co., No. 20-cv-07834 (N.D. Cal. Aug. 27, 2020); Holtzman Enterprises, Inc. v. Continental Casualty Co., No. 20-cv-02152 (D. Colo. July 21, 2020); Legacy Sports Barbershop LLC v. Continental Casualty Co., No. 20-cv-04149 (N.D. Ill. July 14, 2020); Motiv Group, Inc. v. Continental Casualty Co., No. 20-cv-08206 (D.N.J. July 2, 2020); Seattle Gymnastics Academy, Inc. v. Sentinel Ins. Co., Ltd., No. 20-cv-00884 (W.D. Wa. June 8, 2020); Hillcrest Optical, Inc. v. Continental Casualty Co., No. 20-cv-00275 (S.D. Ala. May 15, 2020); BBMS, LLC v. Continental Casualty Co., No. 20-cv-00353 (W.D. Mo. May 1, 2020); Café Plaza De Mesilla Inc. v. Continental Casualty Co., No. 20-cv-00354 (D.N.M. Apr. 20, 2020);
• Blushark Digital, LLC v. Sentinel Ins. Co., Ltd., No. 20-cv-01593 (D. Conn. Oct. 22, 2020); KCJ Studios, LLC v. Sentinel Ins. Co., Ltd., No. 20-cv-01207 (W.D. Wash. Aug. 10, 2020); Oaklandish, LLC v. Sentinel Ins. Co. Ltd., No. 20-cv-04856 (N.D. Cal. July 20, 2020); Protégé Restaurant Partners LLC v. Sentinel Ins. Co., Ltd., No. 20-cv-03674 (N.D. Cal. June 2, 2020); Glow Medispa LLC v. Sentinel Ins. Co., Ltd., No. 20-cv-00712 (W.D. Wash. May 12, 2020); One40 Beauty Lounge LLC v. Sentinel Ins. Co., Ltd., No. 20-cv-00643 (D. Conn. May 8, 2020); Lee v. Sentinel Ins. Co., No. 3_20-cv-05422 (W.D. Wash. May 4, 2020); Lina Kim, DDS, P.S. v. Sentinel Ins. Co., Ltd., No. 20-cv-00657 (W.D. Wash. Apr. 30, 2020); Prato v. Sentinel Ins. Co., Ltd., No. 3:20-cv-05402 (W.D. Wash. Apr. 29, 2020); Hair Perfect, Int’l, Inc. v. Sentinel Ins. Co. Ltd., No. 20-cv-03729 (C.D. Cal. Apr. 23, 2020);
• Burning Bros. Brewing LLC v. Cincinnati Ins. Co., No 20-cv-00920 (S.D. Ohio Nov. 12, 2020); Midwest Orthodontic Assoc., Ltd., No. 20-cv-01167  (S.D. Ill. Nov. 4, 2020); 2105-09 S. State, LLC v. Cincinnati Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-06278 (N.D. Ill. Oct. 22, 2020); Estes v. Cincinnati Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-00138 (E.D. Ky. Sept. 30, 2020); Rye Ridge Corp. v. Cincinnati Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-07132 (S.D.N.Y. Sept. 1, 2020); Berg Dental Offices PC v. Cincinnati Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-01261 (W.D. Pa. Aug. 26, 2020); Gottlieb v. Cincinnati Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-01266 (W.D. Pa. Aug. 26, 2020); Associates in Periodontics, PLC v. Cincinnati Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-11385 (D.N.J. Aug. 25, 2020); Assoc. in Periodontics, PLC v. Cincinnati Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-00171 (D.N.J. Aug. 25, 2020); Jacob Rieger & Co. LLC v. Cincinnati Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-00681 (W.D. Mo. Aug. 24, 2020); Posh KC, LLC v. Cincinnati Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-00675 (W.D. Mo. Aug. 21, 2020); Reeds Jewelers of Niagara Falls, Inc. v. Cincinnati Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-00649 (S.D. Ohio Aug. 21, 2020); 2 Tomato Inc. v. Cincinnati Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-01245 (W.D. Pa. Aug. 20, 2020); Covatto v. Cincinnati Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-01238 (W.D. Pa. Aug. 19, 2020); Valley Lo Club Association, Inc. v. Cincinnati Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-04790 (N.D. Ill. Aug. 14, 2020); T & E Chicago LLC v. Cincinnati Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-04001 (N.D. Ill. July 8, 2020); Swearingen Smiles LLC v. Cincinnati Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-00517 (S.D. Ohio July 2, 2020); Saucy Brew Works LLC v. Cincinnati Ins. Co., No. CV 20 933932 (Ohio Ct. Com. Pl. June 25, 2020); Dr. Clark Thomas, PC v. Cincinnati Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-00895 (N.D. Ala. June 24, 2020); Uncork & Create LLC v. Cincinnati Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-00401 (D.W.V. June 12, 2020); Moe’s Original BBQ Hoover, LLC v. Cincinnati Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-00832 (N.D. Ala. June 11, 2020); Neuro-Communication Services, Inc. v. Cincinnati Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-01275 (N.D. Ohio June 10, 2020); Stone Soup, Inc. v. Cincinnati Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-02614 (E.D. Pa. June 4, 2020); Hirschfield-Louik v. Cincinnati Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-00816 (W.D. Pa. June 3, 2020); Gilreath Family & Cosmetic Dentistry, Inc. v. Cincinnati Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-02248 (N.D. Ga. May 26, 2020); Bulldog Yoga Holdings LLC v. Cincinnati Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-02358 (E.D. Pa. May 20, 2020); Saucy Brew Works LLC v. Cincinnati Ins. Co., No. CV 20 932532 (Ohio Ct. Com. Pl. May 12, 2020); Homestate Seafood LLC v. Cincinnati Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-00649 (N.D. Ala. May 8, 2020); Derek Scott Williams PLLC v. Cincinnati Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-02806 (N.D. Ill. May 8, 2020); Taste of Belgium LLC v. Cincinnati Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-00357 (S.D. Ohio May 5, 2020); 3 Square LLC v. Cincinnati Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-02690 (N.D. Ill. May 4, 2020); St. Julian Wine Co., Inc. v. Cincinnati Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-00374 (W.D. Mich. Apr. 30, 2020); Studio 417, Inc. v. Cincinnati Ins. Co., No. 6_20-cv-03127 (W.D. Mo. Apr. 27, 2020); Milkboy Center City LLC v. Cincinnati Ins. Co., No. 2:20-cv-02036 (E.D. Pa. Apr. 27, 2020); Grand Street Dining, LLC v. Cincinnati Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-00330 (W.D. Mo. Apr. 23, 2020); Milkboy Center City LLC v. Cincinnati Ins. Co., No. 2:20-cv-02036 (E.D. Pa. Apr. 27, 2020); Grand Street Dining, LLC v. Cincinnati Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-00330 (W.D. Mo. Apr. 23, 2020); Promotional Headwear Int’l v. Cincinnati Ins. Co., No. 2_20-cv-02211 (D. Kan. Apr. 24, 2020); Troy Stacy Enters. Inc. v. Cincinnati Ins. Co., No. 1:20-cv-00312 (S.D. Ohio Apr. 19, 2020); PTG Live Events, LLC v. Cincinnati Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-01170 (E.D. Wis. Apr. 15, 2020);
• A Ray Hospitality, LLC v. Society Ins., No. 20-cv-00904 (M.D. Tenn. Oct. 20, 2020); Wiseguys Pizzeria & Pub LLC v. Society Ins., No. 20-cv-06159 (E.D. Wis. Aug. 31, 2020); Roy’s Furniture Building LLC v. Society Ins., No. 20-cv-04918 (N.D. Ill. Aug. 21, 2020); RSV Enterprises, Inc. v. Society Ins., No. 20-cv-00256 (S.D. Iowa Aug. 12, 2020); T & J’s 5th Down, Inc. v. Society Ins., No. 20-cv-00308 (Ind. Super. Ct. July 24, 2020); 726 West Grand LLC v. Society Ins., No. 20-cv-03432 (N.D. Ill. June 11, 2020); Cardelli Enterprise, LLC v. Society Ins., No. 20-cv-03263 (N.D. Ill. June 2, 2020); Barn Investment LLC v. Society Ins., No. 20-cv-03142 (N.D. Ill. May 28, 2020); Ambrosia Restaurant v. Society Ins., No. 20-cv-00771 (E.D. Wis. May 21, 2020); Gem City Fresh-Mex, Inc. v. Society Ins., No. 20-cv-00765 (S.D. Ill. May 1, 2020); Roscoe Same LLC v. Society Ins., No. 1:20-cv-02641 (N.D. Ill. Apr. 30, 2020); JDS 1455, Inc. d/b/a/ West on North v. Society Ins., No. 1:20-cv-02546 (N.D. Ill. Apr. 24, 2020); Biscuit Café Inc. v. Society Ins., No. 20-cv-02514 (N.D. Ill. Apr. 23, 2020); Rising Dough Inc. v. Society Ins., No. 2-20-cv-00623 (E.D. Wis. Apr. 17, 2020); Billy Goat Tavern I v. Society Ins., No. 1:20-cv-02068 (N.D. Ill. Mar. 31, 2020); Big Onion Tavern Group, LLC v. Society Ins., No. 20-cv-02005 (N.D. Ill. Mar. 27, 2020);
• Procaccianti Cos., Inc. v. Zurich Am. Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-00512 (D.R.I. Dec. 8, 2020); KBH Sports Club LLC v. Zurich Am. Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-05555 (E.D.N.Y. Nov. 15, 2020); Lindenwood Female College v. Zurich Am. Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-01503 (E.D. Mo. Oct. 16, 2020); Brunswick Panini’s LLC v. Zurich Am. Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-01895 (N.D. Ohio Aug. 25, 2020); Benedictine College v. Zurich Am. Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-02361 (D. Kan. July 23, 2020); Causeway Automotive, LLC v. Zurich Am. Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-08393 (D.N.J. July 7, 2020); Downs Ford, Inc. v. Zurich Am. Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-08595 (D.N.J. July 10, 2020); America’s Kids, LLC v. Zurich Am. Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-03520 (N.D. Ill. June 16, 2020); The Children’s Place, Inc. v. Zurich Am. Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-07980 (D.N.J. June 30, 2020); Big Red Management Corp. v. Zurich Am. Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-02113 (E.D. Pa. May 1, 2020);
• Podiatry Foot & Ankle Institute P.A. v. Hartford Fin. Servs. Grp., Inc., No. 20-cv-20057 (D.N.J. Dec. 21, 2020); Flowers by Adelaide, Inc. v. Hartford Fin. Servs. Grp., Inc., No. 20-cv-02344 (S.D. Cal. Dec. 1, 2020); ABC Diamonds Inc. v. Hartford Fin. Servs. Grp., Inc., No. 20-cv-07097 (N.D. Ill. Dec. 1, 2020); Weiss v. Hartford Fin. Servs. Grp., Inc., No. 20-cv-14420 (D.N.J. Oct. 14, 2020); Rejoice! Coffee Co., LLC v. Hartford Fin. Servs. Grp., Inc., (N.D. Cal. Sept. 29, 2020); Kuhen v. Hartford Fin. Servs. Grp., Inc., No. 20-cv-01669 (S.D. Cal. Aug. 26, 2020); Zunino v. Hartford Fin. Servs. Grp., Inc., No. 20-cv-01260 (W.D. Pa. Aug. 26, 2020); Wright v. Hartford Fin. Servs. Grp., Inc., No. 20-cv-23253 (S.D. Fla. Aug. 5, 2020); Baked Daily Corp. v. Hartford Fin. Servs. Grp., Inc., No. 20-cv-11385 (D. Mass. July 23, 2020); SA Hospitality Group, LLC v. Hartford Fire Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-01033 (D. Conn. July 22, 2020); Good Times Barbershop v. Hartford Fin. Servs. Grp., Inc., No. 20-cv-01403 (S.D. Cal. July 22, 2020); William W. Simpson Enterprises v. Hartford Fin. Servs. Grp., Inc., No. 20-cv-00075 (D. Utah July 9, 2020); Franklin EWC, Inc. v. Hartford Fin. Servs. Grp., Inc., No. 20-cv-04434 (N.D. Cal. July 2, 2020); Leal, Inc. v. Hartford Fin. Servs. Grp., Inc., No. 20-cv-00917 (D. Conn. July 2, 2020); GO-4 NUGE Production Rentals LLC v. Hartford Fin. Servs. Grp., Inc., No. 20-cv-22749 (S.D. Fla. July 2, 2020); Sweet Tooth Inc. v. Hartford Fin. Servs. Grp., Inc., No. 20-cv-22750 (S.D. Fla. July 2, 2020);  Blushark Digital, LLC v. Hartford Fin. Servs. Grp., Inc., No. 20-cv-08210 (D.N.J. July 2, 2020); Siegel & Siegel, P.C. v. Hartford Casualty Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-04993 (S.D.N.Y. June 29, 2020); Kennedy Hodges & Associates Ltd., LLP v. Hartford Fin. Servs. Grp., Inc., No. 20-cv-00853 (D. Conn. June 19, 2020); Moody v. Hartford Fin. Servs. Grp., Inc., No. 20-cv-02856 (E.D. Pa. June 16, 2020); Taube v. Hartford Fin. Servs. Grp., Inc., No. 20-cv-00565 (S.D. Ill. June 15, 2020); Pure Fitness, LLC v. Hartford Fin. Servs. Grp., Inc., No. 20-cv-00775 (N.D. Ala. June 3, 2020); Metropolitan Dental Arts P.C. v. Hartford Fin. Servs. Grp., Inc., No. 20-cv-02443 (E.D.N.Y. June 2, 2020); Back2Health Chiropractic Center, LLC v. Hartford Fin. Servs. Grp., Inc., No. 20-cv-06717 (D.N.J. June 1, 2020); Gonzalez v. Hartford Fin. Servs. Grp., Inc., No. 20-cv-22151 (S.D. Fla. May 22, 2020); Independence Barbershop, LLC v. Hartford Fin. Servs. Grp., Inc., No. 20-cv-00555 (W.D. Tex. May 22, 2020); Karmel Davis & Assocs., Attorneys-At-Law, LLC v. Hartford Fin. Servs. Grp., Inc., No. 20-cv-02181 (N.D. Ga. May 21, 2020);  Robert Levy, D.M.D., LLC v. Hartford Cas. Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-00643 (E.D. Mo. May 14, 2020); Milton v. Hartford Cas. Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-00640 (D. Conn. May 8, 2020); Eye Care Center of N.J., PA v. Hartford Fin. Servs. Grp., Inc., No. 20-cv-05743 (D.N.J. May 8, 2020); Johnson v. Hartford Fin. Servs. Grp., Inc., No. 20-cv-02000 (N.D. Ga. May 8, 2020); Rinnigade Art Works v. Hartford Fin. Servs. Grp., Inc., No. 20-cv-10867 (D. Mass. May 7, 2020); Red Apple Dental PC v. Hartford Fin. Servs. Grp., Inc., No. 20-cv-03549 (S.D.N.Y. May 06, 2020); Hair Studio 1208, LLC v. Hartford Underwriters Ins. Co., No. 20-cv0-02171 (E.D. Pa. May 5, 2020); Food for Thought Caterers Corp. v. Hartford Fin. Servs. Grp., Inc., No. 20-cv-03418 (S.D.N.Y. May 1, 2020); Pigment, Inc. v. Hartford Fin. Servs. Grp., Inc., No. 3:20-cv-00794 (S.D. Cal. Apr. 28, 2020); GCDC LLC v. Hartford Fin. Servs. Grp., Inc., No. 1:20-cv-01094 (D.D.C. Apr. 27, 2020); Lansdale 329 Prop, LLC v. Hartford Underwriters Ins. Co., No. 2:20-cv-02034 (E.D. Pa. Apr. 27, 2020); SA Hospitality Group, LLC v. Hartford Fin. Servs. Grp., Inc., No. 20-cv-03258 (S.D.N.Y. Apr. 24, 2020); Chorak v. Hartford Casualty Ins. Co., No. 2:20-cv-00627 (W.D. Wash. Apr. 24, 2020);
• Depasquale v. Nationwide Mut. Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-05370 (S.D. Ohio Oct. 13, 2020); Argenas v. Nationwide Mut. Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-00770 (W.D. Pa. May 28, 2020); Border Chicken AZ LLC v. Nationwide Mut. Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-00785 (D. Az. Apr. 22, 2020);
• Boobuli’s LLC v. State Farm Fire & Casualty Co., No. 20-cv-07074 (N.D. Cal. Oct. 9, 2020); Turek Enterprises, Inc. v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-11655 (E.D. Mich. June 23, 2020); Alissa’s Flowers, Inc. v. State Farm Fire & Casualty Co., No. 20-cv-04093 (W.D. Mo. May 28, 2020); Elegant Massage, LLC v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-00265 (E.D. Va. May 27, 2020); Royal Palm Optical, Inc. v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-80749 (S.D. Fla. May 5, 2020);
• Taiclet v. CNA Financial Corp., No. 20-cv-01552 (W.D. Pa. Oct. 8, 2020);
• LF Personal Training, Inc. v. Nova Casualty Co., No. 20-cv-05930 (N.D. Ill. Oct. 5, 2020);
• Schatzi Corp. v. Indemnity Ins. Co. of North America, No. 20-cv-04613 (E.D. Pa. Sept. 21, 2020);
• Mila Miami, LLC v. v. Certain Underwriters at Lloyd’s, No. 20-cv-25338 (S.D. Fla. Dec. 31, 2020); Palm and Pine Ventures, LLC v. v. Certain Underwriters at Lloyd’s, No. 20-cv-00613 (E.D.N.C. Nov. 18, 2020); Tripwire Operations Group, LLC v. Certain Underwriters at Lloyd’s, No. 20-cv-01672 (M.D. Pa. Sept. 14, 2020); King’s Palace, Inc. v. Certain Underwriters at Lloyd’s London, No. 20-cv-02629 (W.D. Tenn. Aug. 20, 2020); 15 Oz Fresh & Healthy Food LLC v. Underwriters at Lloyd’s London, No. 20-cv-23407 (S.D. Fla. Aug. 17, 2020); Juan’s Hair Salon v. Certain Underwriters at Lloyd’s London, No. 20-cv-01527 (S.D. Cal. Aug. 6, 2020); MDH Global, LLC v. Certain Underwriters at Lloyd’s London, No. 20-cv-08214 (D.N.J. July 2, 2020); Palm & Pine Ventures, LLC v. Certain Underwriters at Lloyd’s London, No. 20-cv-08212 (D.N.J. July 2, 2020); RJH Management Corp. v. Certain Underwriters at Lloyd’s London, No. 20-cv-03143 (C.D. Ill. June 11, 2020); Independence Beer Garden v. Certain Underwriters at Lloyd’s London, No. 20-cv-02365 (E.D. Penn. May 20, 2020); 632 Metacom Inc. v. Certain Underwriters at Lloyd’s London, No. 20-cv-03905 (S.D.N.Y. May 19, 2020); Fire Island Retreat v. Lloyd’s of London, No. 20-cv-02312 (E.D. Pa. May 15, 2020); Sun Cuisine, LLC v. Certain Underwriters at Lloyd’s London, No. 1:20-cv-21827 (S.D. Fla. May 1, 2020); Town Kitchen, LLC v. Certain Underwriters at Lloyd’s London, No. 106527294 (Fla. Cir. Ct. Apr. 21, 2020); Gio Pizzeria & Bar Hospitality, LLC v. Certain Underwriters at Lloyd’s London, No. 20-cv-03107 (S.D.N.Y. Apr. 17, 2020); SA Palm Beach LLC v. Certain Underwriters at Lloyd’s London, No. 20-cv-80677 (S.D. Fla. Apr. 22, 2020); Prime Time Sports Grill, Inc. v. Certain Underwriters at Lloyd’s London, No. 20-cv-00771 (M.D. Fla. Apr. 2, 2020);
• Green Beginnings, LLC v. West Bend Mutial Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-01661 (E.D. Wis. Nov. 2, 2020); Little Ones Preschool, Inc. v. West Bend Mutual Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-01428 (E.D. Wis. Sept. 11, 2020);
• KMOD Fit LLC v. Hanover Ins. Grp., Inc., No. 20-cv-12007 (D. Mass. Nov. 6, 2020); Tsakos Inc. v. Hanover Ins. Group, No. 20-cv-08889 (D.N.J. July 14, 2020); T&L Catering, Inc. v. Hanover Ins. Grp., Inc., No. 20-cv-07934 (D.N.J. June 26, 2020); Fink v. Hanover Ins. Grp., Inc., No. 20-cv-03907 (N.D. Cal. June 12, 2020); Stanford Dental, PLLC v. Hanover Ins. Grp., Inc., No. 20-cv-11384 (E.D. Mich. May 29, 2020);
• Smeez, Inc. v. Badger Mutual Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-01132 (S.D. Ill. Oct. 27, 2020); Project Lion LLC v. Badger Mutual Ins. Co., No. 2:20-cv-00768 (D. Nev. Apr. 28, 2020);
• G.O.A.T. Climb and Cryo, LLC v. Twin City Fire Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-05644 (N.D. Ill. Sept. 23, 2020); Marras 46 LLC v. Twin City Fire Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-08886 (D.N.J. July 14, 2020); Zagafen Bala, LLC

• v. Twin City Fire Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-03033 (E.D. Pa. June 23, 2020); Cosmetic Laser, Inc. v. Twin City Fire Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-00638 (D. Conn. May 8, 2020);

• Teemnow LLC v. Erie Ins. Exchange, No. 20-cv-03153 (D.D.C. Oct 30, 2020); Balogh Enterprises, LLC v. Erie Ins. Exchange, No. 20-cv-00259 (W.D. Pa. Sept. 2, 2020); Sidelines Beer House LLC v. Erie Ins. Exchange, No. 20-cv-01246 (W.D. Pa. Aug. 20, 2020); Zavogiannis v. Erie Ins. Exchange, No. 20-cv-00039 (E.D. Tenn. Aug. 12, 2020); Johnson v. Erie Ins. Exchange (Pa. Ct. Com. Pl. July 31, 2020); Three Little Pigs Bar-B-Q Inc. v. Erie Ins. Exchange, No. 20-cv-02544 (W.D. Tenn. July 24, 2020); Cobb v. Erie Ins. Prop. & Casualty Co., No. 20-cv-09159 (D.N.J. July 20, 2020); Hello Hospitality IV, LLC v. Erie Ins. Prop. & Casualty Co., No. 20-cv-08215 (D.N.J. July 2, 2020); Pleasant Food, Inc. v. Erie Ins. Exchange, No. 20-cv-00014 (M.D. Tenn. July 1, 2020); Lapp v. Erie Ins. Exchange, No. CI-20-03612 (Pa. Ct. Com. Pl. July 1, 2020); Tappo of Buffalo, LLC v. Erie Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-00754 (W.D.N.Y. June 18, 2020); High Tech Hair, LLC v. Erie Ins. Exchange, No. 20-cv-02895 (E.D. Pa. June 17, 2020); Sulimay’s Hair Design Inc. v. Erie Ins. Ex., No. 20-cv-02731 (E.D. Pa. June 10, 2020); Close Enterprises Inc. v. Erie Ins. Grp., No. 20-cv-00147 (W.D. Pa. June 9, 2020); La Campagna Inc. v. Erie Ins. Grp., No. 20-cv-02689 (E.D. Pa. June 8, 2020); Valerio’s, Inc. v. Erie Ins. Ex., No. 20-cv-01213 (N.D. Ohio June 3, 2020); Capriccio Parkway, LLC v. Erie Ins. Ex., No. 200600011 (Pa. Ct. Com. Pl. May 29, 2020);  Daly v. Erie Ins. Prop & Casualty Co., No. 20-cv-01406 (D.D.C. May 27, 2020); Menns Inc. v. Erie Ins. Ex., No. 20-cv-2875 (N.D. Ill. May 14, 2020); Geneva Foreign & Sports, Inc. v. Erie Ins. Co. of N.Y., No. 1:20-cv-00093 (W.D. Pa. Apr. 29, 2020); PGB Restaurant, Inc. v. Erie Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-00371 (N.D. Ill. Apr. 19, 2020); Joseph Tambellini, Inc. v. Erie Ins. Exchange (Pa. Ct. Com. Pl. Apr. 17, 2020);
• Kite & Key Gastro Pub, Inc. v. Utica First Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-04264 (E.D. Pa. Aug. 31, 2020); 1800 Farragut Inc. v. Utica First Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-03449 (E.D. Pa. July 14, 2020); Colby Restaurant Group., Inc. v. Utica Nat’l Ins. Group, No. 20-cv-05927 (D.N.J. May 15, 2020); Slate Hill Daycare Center Inc. v. Utica Nat’l Ins. Group, No. 20-cv-03565 (S.D.N.Y. May 7, 2020);
• R&J Entertainment LLC v. HCC Specialty Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-06035 (N.D. Cal. Aug. 27, 2020);
• Nari Suda LLC v. Oregon Mutual Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-01476 (D. Or. Aug. 27, 2020); Baker v. Oregon Mutual Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-05467 (N.D. Cal. Aug. 6, 2020); Nue Seattle v. Oregon Mut. Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-01449 (W.D. Wash. May 5, 2020);
• Last Resort- Mobile LLC v. Westchester Surplus Lines Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-03519 (N.D. Ga. Aug. 25, 2020); SphinxIIIHouston, LLC v. Westchester Surplus Lines Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-02834 (S.D. Tex. Aug. 13, 2020); Disole LLC v. Westchester Surplus Lines Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-22747 (S.D. Fla. July 2, 2020); The K’s Inc. v. Westchester Surplus Lines Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-01724 (N.D. Ga. Apr. 22, 2010);
• Deer Mountain Inn LLC v. Union Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-00984 (N.D.N.Y. Aug. 24, 2020);
• ADL Fitness, LLC v. Markel Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-05908 (N.D. Cal. Aug. 21, 2020); Fountain Enterprises, LLC v. Markel Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-03689 (N.D. Ill. June 24, 2020);
• Skillets, LLC v. Colony Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-00678 (E.D. Va. Aug. 27, 2020);
• Boscov’s Department Store, Inc. v. Am. Guarantee and Liability Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-03672 (E.D. Pa. July 28, 2020);
• JAJ Group, Inc. v. Liberty Mutual Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-01620 (S.D. Cal. Aug. 20, 2020); Melcorp, Inc. v. Liberty Mutual Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-04839 (N.D. Ill. Aug. 18, 2020);
• NBS Fitness LLC v. Philadelphia Indemnity Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-04059 (E.D. Pa. Aug. 20, 2020); Auburn Racquet Club, Inc. v. Philadelphia Indemnity Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-02666 (E.D. Pa. June 8, 2020); Jabz Chandler II LLC v. Philadelphia Ins. Cos., No. 20-cv-02341 (E.D. Pa. May 19, 2020); Crossroads Investments, LLC v. Philadelphia Indemnity Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-02329 (E.D. Pa. May 18, 2020);
• Marshall v. Safety Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-11543 (D. Mass. Aug. 17, 2020);
• University of Saint Thomas v. Am. Home Assurance Co., No. 20-cv-02809 (S.D. Tex. Aug. 12, 2020);
• Jagow v. Aspen Am. Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-01205 (W.D. Wash. Aug. 10, 2020); Lillis v. Aspen Am. Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-02368 (D. Kan. July 29, 2020); Richard Kirsch, DDS v. Aspen Am. Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-11930 (E.D. Mich. July 16, 2020); Karla Aylen, DDS PLLC v. Aspen Am. Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-00717 (W.D. Wash. May 13, 2020); Marler v. Aspen Am. Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-00616 (W.D. Wash. Apr. 22, 2020); Mikkelson v. Aspen Am. Ins. Co., No. 3:20-cv-05378 (W.D. Wash. Apr. 20, 2020); Christie Jo Berkseth-Rojas v. Aspen Am. Ins. Co., No. 3:20-cv-00948 (N.D. Tex. Apr. 17, 2020);
• Scott Craven DDS PC v. Cameron Mutual Ins. Co., No. 20CY-CV06381 (Mo. Circ. Ct. Aug. 5, 2020);
  • Notice of removal filed in the Western District of Missouri: No. 20-cv-00715 (W.D. Mo. Sept. 8, 2020);
• Graspa Consulting, Inc. v. United Nat’l Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-23245 (S.D. Fla. Aug. 5, 2020);
• La Cocina de Oaxaca LLC v. Tri-State Ins. Co. of Minnesota, No. 20-cv-01176 (W.D. Wash. Aug. 3, 2020);
• Dill v. Continental Western Group, LLC, No. 20-cv-01015 (E.D. Mo. July 31, 2020);
• Select Hospitality, LLC v. Strathmore Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-11414 (D. Mass. July 27, 2020);
• Ceres Enterprises, LLC v. Travelers Ins. Co., No. CV 20 935219 (Ohio Ct. Com. Pl. July 27, 2020); Typewritorium Co. v. Travelers Companies, Inc., No. 20-cv-04816 (N.D. Cal. July 17, 2020); Riverwalk Seafood Grill Inc. v. Travelers Casualty Ins. Co. of Am., No. 20-cv-03768 (N.D. Ill. June 26, 2020); Poughkeepsie Waterfront Development, LLC v. Travelers Indemnity Co. of Am., No. 20-cv-04890 (S.D.N.Y. June 25, 2020); WM Bang LLC v. Travelers Casualty Ins. Co. of Am., No. 20-cv-04540 (S.D.N.Y. June 12, 2020); Bath v. Travelers Casualty Ins. Co. of Am., No. 20-cv-00774 (W.D. Wash. May 22, 2020); Servedio v. Travelers Casualty Ins. Co. of Am., No. 20-cv-03907 (S.D.N.Y. May 19, 2020); Mudpie, Inc. v. Travelers Casualty Ins. Co. of Am., No. 20-cv-03213 (N.D. Cal. May 11, 2020); Real Hospitality, LLC v. Travelers Casualty Ins. Co. of Am., No. 20-cv-00087 (S.D. Miss. May 8, 2020); J.G. Optical, Inc. v. Travelers Cos., Inc., No. 20-cv-05744 (D.N.J. May 8, 2020); Fox v. Travelers Casualty Ins. Co. of Am., No. 20-cv-0059 (W.D. Wash. Apr. 21, 2020); Nguyen v. Travelers Casualty Ins. Co. of Am., No. 20-cv-00597 (W.D. Wash. Apr. 21, 2020);
• Beulahland, Ltd. v. Truck Ins. Exchange, No. 20-cv-06626 (C.D. Cal. July 24, 2020);
• Sullivan County Fabrication, Inc. v. Selective Ins. Co. of America, No. 20-cv-05750 (S.D.N.Y. July 24, 2020); Quakerbridge Early Learning LLC v. Selective Ins. Company of New England, No. 20-cv-07798 (D.N.J. June 25, 2020); In The Park Savoy Caterers LLC v. Selective Ins. Grp., No. 20-cv-06869 (D.N.J. June 4, 2020); Jul-Bur Associates Inc. v. Selective Ins. Co. of America, No. 20-cv-01977 (E.D. Pa. Apr. 21. 2020);
• Rockhurst University v. Factory Mutual Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-00581 (W.D. Mo. July 23, 2020);
• Planet Sub Holdings, Inc. v. State Auto Property & Casualty Co., No. 20-cv-00577 (W.D. Mo. July 22, 2020); Big Tomato LLC v. State Auto Property & Casualty Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-00086 (S.D. Miss. May 8, 2020); Young Blood Coffee Roasters, LLC v. State Auto Property & Casualty Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-01076 (D. Minn. May 4, 2020);
• Actors Playhouse Productions, Inc. v. SCOR SE, No. 20-cv-22981 (S.D. Fla. July 20, 2020);
• Bradley Hotel Corp. v. Aspen Specialty Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-04249 (N.D. Ill. July 20, 2020);
• Eric Debella Inc. v. Ace Fire Underwriters Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-03439 (E.D. Pa. July 14, 2020);
• Boxed Foods Company, LLC v. California Capital Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-04571 (N.D. Cal. July 9, 2020);
• Chattanooga Professional Baseball LLC v. National Casualty Co., No. 20-cv-01312 (D. Ariz. July 2, 2020);
• Nora’s Style Salon Inc. v. Farmer’s Group, Inc., No. 20-cv-22751 (S.D. Fla. July 2, 2020); Pappy’s Barber Shops, Inc. v. Farmer’s Group Inc., No. 20-cv-00907 (S.D. Cal. May 14, 2020); Kingray Inc. v. Farmer’s Group Inc., No. 20-cv-00963 (C.D. Cal. May 4, 2020);
• Circus Circus LV, LP v. AIG Specialty Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-01240 (D. Nev. July 2, 2020);
• Guzman Picot v. Mapfre Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-11261 (D. Mass. July 1, 2020);
• Flower Sisters LLC v. Great American Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-01294 (C.D. Cal. June 26, 2020);
• Creative Restaurants, Inc. v. Covington Specialty Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-02452 (W.D. Tenn. June 25, 2020);
• Monarch Ballroom, LLC v. Farmers Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-05493 (C.D. Cal. June 19, 2020); Aria Dental Group, LLC v. Farmers Ins. Exchange, No. 20-cv-00068 (M.D. Ga. June 15, 2020);
• Unmasked Management, LLC v. Century-National Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-01129 (S.D. Cal. June 19, 2020);
• Daij, Inc. v. Wesco Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-02739 (E.D.N.Y. June 19, 2020);
• Bluegrass, LLC v. State Automobile Mutual Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-00414 (D.W.V. June 18, 2020); Dino Palmieri Salons, Inc., v. State Automobile Mutual Ins. Co., No. CV 20 932117 (Ohio Ct. Com. Pl. Apr. 26, 2020);
• Kennard Law, P.C. v. CNA Financial Corp., No. 202036565-7 (Tex. Dist. Ct. June 18, 2020);
  • Notice of Removal filed: No. 20-cv-02534 (S.D. Tex. July 17, 2020);
• Michael Cetta, Inc. v. Admiral Indemnity Co., No. 20-cv-04612 (S.D.N.Y. June 16, 2020); LH Dining LLC v. Admiral Indemnity Co., No. 20-cv-01869 (E.D. Pa. Apr. 10, 2020);
• Plan Check Downtown III, LLC v. Amguard Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-06954 (C.D. Cal. June 16, 2020); LJ New Haven LLC v. Amguard Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-00751 (D. Conn. June 1, 2020);
• Susan Spath Hegedus, Inc. v. Chubb Ltd., No. 20-cv-02832 (E.D. Pa. June 15, 2020); Beniak Enterprises, Inc. v. Chubb Ltd., No. 20-cv-05536 (D.N.J. May 5, 2020); Truhaven Enters. Inc. v. Chubb Ltd., No. 2:20-cv-04586 (D.N.J. Apr. 20, 2020); Café Int’l Holding Co. LLC v. Chubb Ltd., No. 1-20-cv-21641 (S.D. Fla. Apr. 20, 2020);
• Monday Restaurants LLC v. Intrepid Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-00767 (E.D. Mo. June 12, 2020);
• The Gardener v. Ohio Security Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-03799 (N.D. Cal. June 9, 2020); Hirbox H. Rowshan DDS, P.S. v. Ohio Security Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-00730 (W.D. Wash. May 14, 2020);
• Byberry Services & Solutions, LLC v. Mt. Hawley Ins. Co. (N.D. Ill. June 8, 2020);
• 1 S.A.N.T., Inc. v. Berkshire Hathaway, Inc., No. 20-cv-00862 (W.D. Pa. June 11, 2020);
• Jae Y. Hong, PLLC v. Transportation Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-05556 (W.D. Wash. June 9, 2020); O’Brien Sales & Marketing, Inc. v. Transportation Ins. Co., No. 4:20-cv-02951 (N.D. Cal. Apr. 29, 2020);
• Hong v. Valley Forge Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-00891 (W.D. Wash. June 9, 2020); Noskenda Inc. v. Valley Forge Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-00854 (W.D. Wash. June 4, 2020); McCulloch v. Valley Forge Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-00809 (W.D. Wash. May 29, 2020); JDL Inc. v. Valley Forge Ins. Co., No. 1:20-cv-02681 (N.D. Ill. May 4, 2020);
• Sweetwater Grill LLC v. Grange Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-00853 (W.D. Pa. June 8, 2020);
• Water Sports Kauai, Inc. v. Fireman’s Fund Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-03750 (N.D. Cal. June 5, 2020);
• Caterer’s In the Park LLC v. Liberty Mut. Ins., No. 20-cv-06867 (D.N.J. June 4, 2020); Starjem Restaurant Corp. v. Liberty Mut. Ins., No. 20-cv-03672 (S.D.N.Y. May 12, 2020); Biltrite Furniture, Inc. v. Liberty Mut. Ins., No. 20-cv-656 (E.D. Wis. Apr. 24, 2020); Torre Rossa LLC v. Liberty Mut. Ins., No. CV-20-931885 (Ohio Ct. Com. Pl. Apr. 15, 2020);
• Till Metro Entertainment v. Covington Specialty Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-00255 (N.D. Okla. June 4, 2020);
• Chief of Staff LLC v. Hiscox Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-03169 (N.D. Ill. May 29, 2020);
• Crunch Logistics Inc. v. Donegal Ins. Grp., No. 20-cv-02525 (E.D. Pa. May 28, 2020);
• Sunsations Tanning Salon, LLC v. Atain Specialty Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-02510 (E.D. Pa. May 28, 2020);
• Captain Skrip’s Office LLC v. Conifer Holdings, Inc., No. 20-cv-11291 (E.D. Mich. May 22, 2020);
• RPR Enterprises, Inc. v. Continental Western Group, LLC, No. 20-cv-02256 (D. Kan. May 22, 2020);
• Club 31 Sports Bar & Lounge, LLC v. Mesa Underwriters Specialty Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-00397 (W.D. Mo. May 18, 2020);
• Gammon & Associates Inc. v. National Fire Ins. Co. of Hartford, No. 20-cv-03882 (S.D.N.Y. May 19, 2020);
• Broadway 104, LLC v. AXA Financial, Inc., No. 20-cv-03813 (S.D.N.Y. May 15, 2020);
• Ital Uomo of N.Y., Inc. v. Starr Indemnity & Liability Co., No. 20-cv-02209 (E.D.N.Y. May 15, 2020);
• Holloman v. Bankers Ins. Group, Inc., No. 20-002399-CI (Fla. Cir. Ct. May 15, 2020);
• Cascadia Dental Specialists, Inc. v. Am. Fire and Caus. Co., No. 20-cv-00732 (W.D. Wash. May 14, 2020);
• Deoleo v. U.S. Liability Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-02301 (E.D. Pa. May 14, 2020);
• Sero, Inc. v. Berkley North Pacific Grp., LLC, No. 20-cv-00776 (D. Ore. May 13, 2020);
• Blue Springs Dental Care LLC v. Owners Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-383 (W.D. Mo. May 13, 2020);
• Raven and the Bow LLC v. First Mercury Ins., No. 20-cv-03264 (N.D. Cal. May 13, 2020);
• Kahn v. Pa. Nat’l Mut. Cas. Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-00781 (M.D. Pa. May 12, 2020);
• Paradigm Care & Enrichment Center, LLC v. West Bend Mut. Ins. Co., 20-cv-00720 (E.D. Wis. May 12, 2020);
• Carlos O. Caballero DDS, MS, PS v. Mass. Bay Ins., No. 20-cv-05437 (W.D. Wash. May 8, 2020);
• Drama Camp Productions, Inc. v. Mt. Hawley Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-00266 (S.D. Ala. May 8, 2020);
• Image Dental, LLC v. Citizens Ins. Co. of Am., No. 20-cv-02759 (N.D. Ill. May 6, 2020);
• The Hair Place v. IMT Insurance Company, No. 20-cv-01102 (D. Minn. May 06, 2020);
• Coates v. Foremost Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-00383 (W.D. Mich. May 4, 2020);
• GV KB Store LLC v. Scottsdale Ins. Co., No. 1:20-cv-21815 (S.D. Fla. May 1, 2020);
• Germack v. Dentists Ins. Co., No. 2:20-cv-00661 (W.D. Wash. Apr. 30, 2020);
• Alliance Radiology, P.A. v. CAN Financial Corp., No. 20-cv-02218 (D. Kan. Apr. 29, 2020);
• N&S Restaurant, LLC v. Cumberland Mutual Fire Ins. Co., No. 1:20-cv-05289 (D.N.J. Apr. 29, 2020);
• Camp 1382 LLC v. Lancer Ins. Co., No. 1:20-cv-03336 (S.D.N.Y. Apr. 29, 2020);
• Atma Beauty, Inc. v. HDI Global Specialty SE, Docket no. 1:20-cv-21745 (S.D. Fla. Apr. 27, 2020);
• Zwillo V, Corp. v. Lexington Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-339 (W.D. Mo. Apr. 27, 2020);
• Equity Planning Corp. v. Westfield Ins. Co., No. CV 20 932122 (Ohio Ct. Com. Pl. Apr. 27, 2020);
  • Notice of Removal filed on June 1, 2020 – No. 20-cv-01204 (N.D. Ohio June 1, 2020);
• Egg Works Holding Co., LLC v. Acuity, No. 2_20-cv-00748 (D. Nev. Apr. 25, 2020);
• Egg and I, LLC v. U.S. Specialty Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-00747 (D. Nev. Apr. 24, 2020);
• Windber Hospital v. Travelers Property Casualty Co. of Am., No. 20-cv-00080 (W.D. Pa. Apr. 23, 2020);
• Pacific Endodontics, P.S. v. The Ohio Casualty Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-00620 (W.D. Wash. Apr. 23, 2020);
• Stan’s Bar-B-Q LLC v. Charter Oak Fire Ins. Co., No. 20-cv-00613 (W.D. Wash. Apr. 22, 2020);
• In re COVID-19 Business Interruption Protection Insurance Litigation, No. 2942 (U.S.J.P.M.L. Apr. 20, 2020);
• Dakota Ventures, LLC v. Or. Mut. Ins. Co., No. 3-20-cv-00630 (D. Or. Apr. 17, 2020);
• Bridal Expressions LLC v. Owners Ins. Co., No. 1:20-cv-00833 (N.D. Ohio Apr. 17, 2020);

Privacy and Cybersecurity

Companies are facing privacy and cybersecurity claims by employers and consumers based on the collection, use, and disclosure of personal information and the unauthorized access by third parties in data security incidents. Cases filed to date include:

• Acker v. Protech Solutions, Inc., No. 60CV-20-3858 (Ark. Circ. Ct. July 14, 2020): asserts claims of negligence and invasion of privacy for alleged failure to protect personally identifiable information of unemployment applicants.
  • Notice of removal filed on July 21: No. 20-cv-00852 (E.D. Ark. July 14, 2020);
• Karns v. Deloitte Consulting LLP, No. 20-cv-04952 (N.D. Ill. Aug. 24, 2020); Julius v. Deloitte Consulting LLP, No. 20-cv-00542 (S.D. Ill. June 8, 2020); Neal v. Deloitte Consulting LLP, No. 20-cv-04362 (S.D.N.Y. June 8, 2020); Alexander v. Deloitte Consulting LLP, No. 20-cv-04129 (S.D.N.Y. May 29, 2020); Burns v. Deloitte Consulting LLP, No. 20-cv-04077 (S.D.N.Y. May 27, 2020); Culbertson v. Deloitte Consulting LLP, No. 20-cv-03962 (S.D.N.Y. May 21, 2020): assert claims of violation of the Fair Credit Reporting Act, negligence, breach of implied contract, and invasion of privacy for alleged failure to protect personally identifiable information of unemployment applicants;
• Iyer v. TikTok, Inc., No. 20-cv-05217 (N.D. Cal. June 9, 2020): asserts consumer protection and privacy claims for alleged storage and disclosure of personal user data;
• St. Paulus Lutheran Church v. Zoom Video Comms., Inc., No. 20-cv-03252 (N.D. Cal. May 13, 2020); Kirpekar v. Zoom Video Comms., Inc., No. 5:20-cv-03042 (N.D. Cal. May 4, 2020); Buxbaum v. Zoom Video Comms., Inc., No. 5:20-cv-02939 (N.D. Cal. Apr. 29, 2020); Simins v. Zoom Video Comms., Inc., No. 5:20-cv-02893 (N.D. Cal. Apr. 27, 2020); Greenbaum v. Zoom Video Comms., Inc., No. 5:20-cv-02861 (N.D. Cal. Apr. 24, 2020); Henry v. Zoom Video Comms., Inc., No. 5:20-cv-02691 (N.D. Cal. Apr. 17, 2020); Jimenez v. Zoom Video Comms., Inc., No. 5:20-cv-02591 (N.D. Cal. Apr. 14, 2020); Hurvitz v. Zoom Video Comms., Inc., No. 2:20-cv-03400 (C.D. Cal. Apr. 13, 2020); Kondrat v. Zoom Video Comms., Inc., No. 5:20-cv-02520 (N.D. Cal. Apr. 13, 2020); Ohlweiler v. Zoom Video Comms., Inc., No. 20-cv-03281 (C.D. Cal. Apr. 3, 2020); Cullen v. Zoom Video Comms., Inc., No. 20-cv-02155 (N.D. Cal. Mar. 30, 2020): assert claims for consumer privacy, consumer fraud, negligence, invasion of privacy, and unjust enrichment based on the collection, misuse, and disclosure to third parties (including Facebook) of user information;
• Sweeney v. Life of Air, Inc., No. 3:20-cv-00742 (S.D. Cal. Apr. 17, 2020): asserts claims of negligence, consumer privacy, and breach of contract for collection and disclosure of personal information through the social networking app Houseparty.

Product Pricing, Marketing, Labeling & Performance

Manufacturers and sellers of products with medical, sanitation, and hygiene applications are facing class action claims related to the pricing, marketing, labeling and performance of their products based on advertising and consumer protection laws. Cases filed to date include:

• Kraus v. Snow Teeth Whitening LLC, No. 20-cv-06085 (E.D.N.Y. Dec. 14, 2020): asserts false advertising and consumer protection claims based on alleged representations concerning antiviral properties of teeth whitening system.
• Apaliski v. Molekule, Inc., No. 20-cv-01548 (D. Del. Nov. 17, 2020): asserts warranty and consumer protection claims based on alleged representations concerning effectiveness of air purifier against coronavirus;
• Garbus v. UV Sanitizer USA LLC, No. 20-cv-05358 (E.D.N.Y. Nov. 4, 2020): asserts false advertising and consumer protection claims based on alleged representations concerning effectiveness of UV light sanitizer;
• Sheridan v. Quest Diagnostics Inc., No. CAM-L-003586-20 ( N.J. Super. Ct. Oct. 30, 2020): asserts consumer protection and fraud claims based on alleged failure to timely process and report COVID-19 test results
• Callantine v. 4e Brands North America, LLC, No. 20-cv-00801 (Ind. Super. Ct. Sept. 22, 2020); Pepe v. 4e Brands North America, LLC, No. 20-cv-06494 (S.D.N.Y. Aug. 14, 2020): asserts warranty and consumer protection claims based on alleged failure to disclose presence of toxic ingredients in hand sanitizer products;
• Lona’s Lil Eats, LLC v. DoorDash, Inc., No. 20-cv-06703 (N.D. Cal. Sept. 24, 2020): asserts false advertising and unfair competition claims based on allegedly identifying non-participant restaurants as closed to steer away customers;
• Gudgel v. Clorox Co., No. 20-cv-05712 (N.D. Cal. Aug. 14, 2020): asserts consumer protection and negligent misrepresentation claims based on alleged false and deceptive advertising regarding Clorox bleach products;
• People of the State of New York v. Hillandale Farms Corp., No. 451650/2020 (N.Y. Sup. Ct. Aug. 11, 2020): asserts consumer protection claims based on alleged gouging of egg prices during the pandemic;
• Souter v. Edgewell Personal Care Co., No. 20-cv-01486 (S.D. Cal. July 31, 2020): asserts warranty and consumer protection claims based on alleged false advertising regarding Wet Ones hand wipes;
• Eliades v. Grubhub Inc., No. 20-cv-05134 (S.D.N.Y. July 6, 2020): asserts claims under the Sherman Act for alleged antitrust violations and anticompetitive acts by food delivery companies;
• Crena v. Navitelia Industries, Inc., No. 20-cv-22744 (S.D. Fla. July 2, 2020): asserts claims under Telephone Consumer Protection Act for alleged unsolicited automated messages used to market the company’s protective equipment products;
• Golditch v. Alphabet, Inc., No. 20-cv-11142 (D. Mass. June 16, 2020): asserts consumer protection and unjust enrichment claims regarding alleged false advertising regarding cleaning products;
• Lagorio v. GermBloc, Inc., No. 20-cv-11074 (D. Mass. June 5, 2020): asserts consumer protection and unjust enrichment claims regarding alleged false advertising regarding hand sanitizer products;
• Redmond v. Albertsons Companies, Inc., No. 20-cv-03692 (N.D. Cal. June 3, 2020): asserts consumer protection claims for alleged price gouging of essential items during the pandemic;
• Lagorio v. Staples, Inc., No. 20-cv-11015 (D. Mass. May 28, 2020): asserts consumer protection claims for alleged false advertising regarding hand sanitizer products;
• Mier v. CVS Health, No. 30-2020-0114024 (Cal. Super. Ct. May 26, 2020): asserts consumer protection and misrepresentation claims for alleged false advertising regarding hand sanitizer products;
  • Notice of Removal filed on October 13, 2020: No. 20-cv-01979 (C.D. Cal. Oct. 13, 2020);
• Yeomans v. Walgreen Co., No. 30-2020-01141042 (Cal. Super. Ct. May 26, 2020): asserts consumer protection and misrepresentation claims for alleged false advertising regarding hand sanitizer products;
• CO Craft, LLC v. Grubhub, Inc., No. 20-cv-01327 (D. Colo. May 11, 2020): alleging that Grubhub uses a false advertising campaign to convince customers that their competitors’ restaurants are closed;
• Miclaus v. Invention Submission Corp., No. 20-cv-00681 (W.D. Pa. May 7, 2020): challenging the company’s alleged use of deceptive and fraudulent marketing to promote products during the pandemic;
• Mercado v. eBay, Inc., No. 5:20-cv-03053 (N.D. Cal. May 4, 2020): asserts consumer protection and quasi-contract claims based on alleged price gouging of personal protective equipment and personal hygiene products;
• McQueen v. Amazon.com, No. 20-cv-02782 (N.D. Cal. Apr. 21, 2020); Armas v. Amazon.com Inc., No. 104631782 (Cir. Ct. Fla. Mar. 10, 2020): assert claim for consumer fraud based on alleged price gouging of essential consumer products;
• Bell v. Cal-Maine Foods, Inc., No. 1:20-cv-00461 (W.D. Tex. Apr. 30, 2020); Fraser v. Cal-Maine Foods, Inc., No. 20-cv-02733 (N.D. Cal. Apr. 20, 2020): asserts consumer protection claims for alleged price gouging of essential groceries;
• Taslakian v. Target Co., 2:20-cv-2667 (C.D. Cal. Mar. 20, 2020): asserts claims for false advertising, consumer fraud, and misrepresentation based on claims about benefits of hand sanitizers;
• Miller v. Gojo Indus., Inc., No. 4:20-cv-562 (N.D. Ohio Mar. 13, 2020); Jurkiewicz v. Gojo Indus., Inc., No. 5:20-cv-279 (N.D. Ohio Feb. 9, 2020); Gonzalez v. Gojo Indus., Inc., No. 1:20-cv-888 (S.D.N.Y. Feb. 1, 2020); Marinovich v. Gojo Indus., Inc., No. 3:20-cv-747 (N.D. Cal. Jan. 31, 2020); Aleisa v. Gojo Indus., Inc., No. 2:20-cv-1045 (C.D. Cal. Jan. 31, 2020): assert claims for false advertising, consumer fraud, and misrepresentation based on claims about benefits of hand sanitizers;
• David v. Vi-Jon, Inc. dba Germ-X, No. 3:20-cv-00424 (S.D. Cal. Mar. 5, 2020): asserts claims for false advertising, consumer fraud, and misrepresentation based on claims about benefits of hand sanitizers.

Shareholder and Securities Litigation

Public companies face class action claims by shareholders concerning statements and omissions concerning the impact of COVID-19 on their operations and performance. Cases filed to date include:

• Alperstein v. Sona Nanotech Inc., No. 20-cv-11405 (C.D. Cal. Dec. 17, 2020): asserts federal securities law claims based on alleged false and misleading statements regarding COVID-19 antigen test development.
• Baig v. K12 Inc., No. 20-cv-01528 (E.D. Va. Dec. 11, 2020); Lee v. K12 Inc., No. 20-cv-01419 (E.D. Va. Nov. 19, 2020): asserts federal securities law claims based on alleged false and misleading statements regarding technological capacity to meet increased remote learning demand; 
• Altomare v. Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd., No. 20-cv-24407 (S.D. Fla. Oct. 27, 2020); City of Riviera Beach General Employees Retirement System, No. 20-cv-24111 (S.D. Fla. Oct. 7, 2020): asserts federal securities law claims based on alleged false and misleading statements regarding implemented policies and procedures to prevent the spread of COVID-19 on cruise ships.
• Hovhannisyan v. Vaxart, Inc., No. 20-cv-06175 (N.D. Cal. Sept. 1, 2020); Himmelberg v. Vaxart, Inc., No. 20-cv-05949 (N.D. Cal. Aug. 24, 2020): asserts federal securities law claims based on alleged false and misleading statements regarding development of a COVID-19 vaccine;
• McAdams v. Eastman Kodak Co., No. 20-cv-06861 (S.D.N.Y. Aug. 26, 2020): asserts federal securities law claims based on alleged false and misleading statements regarding production of ingredients for COVID-19 drugs;
• Zhang v. Staar Surgical Co., No. 20-cv-01660 (C.D. Cal. Sept. 1, 2020); Alwazzan v. Staar Surgical Co., No. 20-cv-01533 (C.D. Cal. Aug. 19, 2020): asserts federal securities law claims based on alleged false and misleading statements regarding sales in China and financial performance during the pandemic;
• Special Situations Fund III QP, L.P. v. Chembio Diagnostics, Inc., No. 20-cv-03753 (E.D.N.Y. Aug. 17, 2020); Bailey v. Chembio Diagnostics, Inc., No. 20-cv-02961 (E.D.N.Y. July 3, 2020); Gowen v. Chembio Diagnostics, Inc., No. 20-cv-02758 (E.D.N.Y. June 22, 2020); Chernysh v. Chembio Diagnostics, Inc., No. 20-cv-02706 (E.D.N.Y. June 18, 2020): asserts federal securities law claims based on allegedly false and misleading statements regarding the development of an antibody to counteract COVID-19;
• Palacios v. United States Oil Fund, LP, No. 20-cv-06442 (S.D.N.Y. Aug. 13, 2020); Ephrati v. United States Oil Fund, LP, No. 20-cv-06010 (S.D.N.Y. July 31, 2020); Lucas v. United States Oil Fund, L.P., No. 20-cv-04740 (S.D.N.Y. June 19, 2020): asserts federal securities law claims based on alleged failure to disclose risks of investing in oil futures during the pandemic;
• Di Scala v. Proshares Ultra Bloomberg Crude Oil, No. 20-cv-05865 (S.D.N.Y. July 28, 2020): asserts federal securities law claims based on alleged failure to disclose risks of investing in oil shares during the pandemic;
• Retirement Program for Employees of the Town of Fairfield v. Allianz Global Investors U.S. LLC, No. 20-cv-05817 (S.D.N.Y. July 27, 2020): asserts tort and contract claims based on hedge fund’s alleged inability to protect investors from significant financial losses caused by the pandemic;
• Atachbarian v. Carnival Corp., No. 20-cv-23011 (S.D. Fla. July 21, 2020); Elmensdorp v. Carnival Corp., No. 20-cv-22319 (S.D. Fla. June 3, 2020); Service Lamp Corp. Profit Sharing Plan v. Carnival Corp., No. 20-cv-22202 (S.D. Fla. May 27, 2020): asserts federal securities law claims based on allegedly false and misleading statements relating to the business’s health and safety protocols and the company’s role in exacerbating the transmission of the virus;
• Hartel v. The Geo Group, Inc., No. 20-cv-81063 (S.D. Fla. July 7, 2020): asserts federal securities law claims based on allegedly false and misleading statements regarding private prison network’s ability to comply with safety procedures during COVID-19;
• Hernandez v. Co-Diagnostics, Inc., No. 20-cv-00481 (D. Utah July 2, 2020); Gelt Trading, Ltd. v. Co-Diagnostics, Inc., No. 20-cv-00368 (D. Utah June 15, 2020): asserts federal securities law claims based on alleged false and misleading statements regarding development and production of a COVID-19 diagnostic test;
• Leonard v. SCWorx Corp., No. 20-cv-04777 (S.D.N.Y. June 22, 2020);  Leeburn v. SCWorx Corp., No. 20-cv-04072 (S.D.N.Y. May 27, 2020); Yannes v. SCWorx Corp., No. 1:20-cv-03349 (S.D.N.Y. Apr. 29, 2020): asserts federal securities law claims based on allegedly false and misleading statements regarding the production and sale of COVID-19 tests;
• Calvo v. Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc., No. 20-cv-1066 (S.D. Cal. June 11, 2020): asserts federal securities law claims based on allegedly false and misleading statements regarding the development of an antibody to counteract COVID-19;
• Arbitrage Fund v. Forescout Technologies, Inc., No. 20-cv-03819 (N.D. Cal. June 10, 2020): asserts federal securities law claims based on allegedly false and misleading statements related to the company’s financial well-being and their compliance with a  merger agreement during the pandemic;
• Lombard v. Portola Pharmaceuticals, Inc., No. 20-cv-00769 (D. Del. June 8, 2020): asserts federal securities law claims based on allegedly false and misleading statements related to the financial well-being of the company and the merits of a proposed merger agreement;
• Ma v. Wells Fargo & Co., No. 20-cv-03697 (N.D. Cal. June 4, 2020): asserts federal securities law claims based on allegedly false and misleading statements relating to the bank’s participation in and administration of the PPP program;
• McCann v. Hill, No. 20-cv-06435 (D.N.J. May 27, 2020): asserts claims under ERISA against plan administrator of ERISA plan based on decline in value of plan assets;
• Wasa Medical Holdings v. Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc., No. 20-cv-00966 (S.D. Cal. May 26, 2020): asserts federal securities law claims based on allegedly false and misleading statements regarding the development of an antibody treatment for COVID-19;
• Hunter v. Elanco Animal Health Inc., No. 20-cv-01460 (S.D. Ind. May 20, 2020): asserts federal securities law claims based on allegedly false and misleading statements that minimized the effect of the pandemic on the company’s financial performance;
• Banuelos v. Norwegian Cruise Lines, No. 20-cv-21685 (S.D. Fla. Apr. 22, 2020); Atachbarian v. Norwegian Cruise Lines, No. 1:20-cv-21386 (S.D. Fla. Mar 31, 2020); Douglas v. Norwegian Cruise Lines, No. 20-cv-21107 (S.D. Fla. Mar. 12, 2020): assert federal securities law claims based on allegedly false and misleading statements that minimized the health crisis and its impact on the company’s business;
• Cedeno v. iAnthus Capital Holdings Inc., No. 20-cv-03513 (S.D.N.Y. May 5, 2020); Finch v. iAnthus Capital Holdings Inc., No. 1:20-cv-03135 (S.D.N.Y. Apr. 20, 2020); Riback v. iAnthus Capital Holdings Inc., No. 1:20-cv-03044 (S.D.N.Y. Apr. 15, 2020): asserts federal securities law claims based on a company alleged use of the COVID-19 crisis to improperly avoid making interest payments on its loans;
• Brams v. Zoom Video Communications, Inc., No. 3:20-cv-02396 (N.D. Cal. Apr 8, 2020); Drieu v. Zoom Video Communications, Inc., No. 3:20-cv-02353 (N.D. Cal. Apr 7, 2020): assert federal securities law claims based on Zoom’s allegedly inadequate security and privacy measures, which were exposed by Zoom’s increased use during the pandemic;
• McDermid v. Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Inc., No. 20-cv-01402 (E.D. Pa. Mar. 12, 2020): asserts federal securities law claims based on allegedly false and misleading statements about the development of a COVID-19 vaccine;
• Douglas v. Norwegian Cruise Lines, No. 20-cv-21107 (S.D. Fla. Mar. 12, 2020): asserts federal securities law claims based on allegedly false and misleading statements regarding business operations and projected performance of the company;

Transmission and Exacerbation of COVID-19

Plaintiffs have filed class actions alleging that businesses negligently promoted the spread of COVID-19 or hid information about the risks of COVID-19 transmission or complications. Cases filed to date include:

• Ornelas v. Central Valley Meat Co., No. 20-cv-01017 (E.D. Cal. July 22, 2020): asserts tort and statutory claims based on alleged failure to implement proper safety protocols at defendant’s facilities;
• Ford v. Carnival Corp., No. 20-cv-06226 (C.D. Cal. July 13, 2020); O’Neill v. Carnival Corp., No. 20-cv-06218 (C.D. Cal. July 13, 2020); Lindsay v. Carnival Corp., No. 20-cv-00982 (W.D. Wash. June 24, 2020); Chung v. Carnival Corp., No. 20-cv-04954 (C.D. Cal. June 4, 2020); Archer v. Carnival Corporation, et al., No. 20-cv-02381 (N.D. Cal. Apr. 8, 2020): asserts claims including negligence and gross negligence based on an outbreak of COVID-10 on the Diamond Princess cruise ship and other Carnival cruise ships;
• Eicher v. Princess Cruise Lines, Ltd., No. 20-cv-04958 (C.D. Cal. June 4, 2020); Heinzer v. Princess Cruise Lines, Ltd., No. 20-cv-04959 (C.D. Cal. June 4, 2020): asserts negligence and infliction of emotional distress claims for failure to protect passengers from transmission of COVID-19;
• Schoengood v. Hofgur LLC, No. 20-cv-02022 (E.D.N.Y. May 4, 2020): alleging failure of a senior care facility to take adequate measures to protects its elderly and disabled residents;
• Molchun v. Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd., No. 1_20-cv-21792 (S.D. Fla. Apr. 30, 2020): asserts admiralty and negligence claims for alleged failure to protect crew members of cruise from exposure to COVID-19;
• Kantrow v. Celebrity Cruises Inc., No. 20-cv-21997 (S.D. Fla. May 13, 2020); Nedeltcheva v. Celebrity Cruises Inc., No. 20-cv-21569 (S.D. Fla. Apr. 14, 2020): asserts claims of negligence for alleged failure to protect crew members of cruise from exposure to COVID-19;
• In re: Juul Labs, Inc. Marketing, Sales Practices & Products Liability Litigation, 19-md-2913 (Apr. 10, 2020): amends complaint to assert claims based on allegations that vaping product users are at greater risk of complications from COVID-19;
• Turner v. Costa Crociere SPA, No. 20-cv-21481 (S.D. Fla. Apr. 7, 2020): asserts claims including negligence and negligent and intentional infliction of emotional distress related to cruise line’s decision to embark on cruise despite allegedly knowing a passenger was showing symptoms of COVID-19.

Website, Digital, and Physical Accessibility

Companies are likely to face Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and other claims based on the ability of consumers with disabilities to access brick-and-mortar establishments governed by new health and safety standards and to understand their websites, mobile applications, and electronic platforms, especially as goods and services that were previously available at brick-and-mortar sites move to the internet.

• Suris v. WUSA-TV, No. 20-cv-06284 (E.D.N.Y. Dec. 28, 2020): asserts claims under ADA and New York Human Rights Laws for alleged failure to design application to be accessible to the hearing impaired;
• Kane v. Zoom Video Communications, Inc., No. 20-cv-06136 (E.D.N.Y. Dec. 18, 2020): asserts claims under ADA and New York Human Rights Laws for alleged failure to design application to be accessible to the visually impaired;
• Graciano v. Am. Well Corp., No. 20-cv-10515 (S.D.N.Y. Dec. 11, 2020); Graciano v. New Chapter, Inc., No. 20-cv-10517 (S.D.N.Y. Dec. 11, 2020); Graciano v. Gurunanda, LLC, No. 20-cv-09049 (S.D.N.Y. Oct. 28, 2020); Graciano v. Abebooks USA, Inc., No. 20-cv-08761 (S.D.N.Y. Oct. 20, 2020); Graciano v. RJ Brands, LLC, No. 20-cv-09051 (S.D.N.Y. Oct. 28, 2020); Graciano v. West Marine Products, Inc., No. 20-cv-07870 (S.D.N.Y. Sept. 23, 2020); Graciano v. Reverb.com LLC, No. 20-cv-07813 (S.D.N.Y. Sept. 22, 2020); Graciano v. Roomstogo.com, Inc., No. 20-cv-07811 (S.D.N.Y. Sept. 22, 2020); Graciano v. Houzz Inc., No. 20-cv-07808 (S.D.N.Y. Sept. 22, 2020); Graciano v. Music123, Inc., No. 20-cv-07620 (S.D.N.Y. Sept. 17, 2020); Graciano v. Musician’s Friend, Inc., No. 20-cv-07541 (S.D.N.Y. Sept. 14, 2020); Graciano v. Brownell, Inc., No. 20-cv-07540 (S.D.N.Y. Sept. 14, 2020); Graciano v. Belami, Inc., No. 20-cv-07359 (S.D.N.Y. Sept. 9, 2020): asserts claims under ADA and New York Human Rights Laws for alleged failure to design website to be accessible to the visually impaired;
• Bishop v. Burke’s Outlet Stores, LLC, No. 20-cv-10640 (S.D.N.Y. Dec. 16, 2020); Bishop v. Encompass Supply Chain Solutions, Inc., No. 20-cv-10639 (S.D.N.Y. Dec. 16, 2020); Bishop v. 6S, Inc., No. 20-cv-10604 (S.D.N.Y. Dec. 15, 2020); Bishop v. CWI, Inc., No. 20-cv-10603 (S.D.N.Y. Dec. 15, 2020); Bishop v. Nutrawise Corp., No. 20-cv-09138 (S.D.N.Y. Oct. 30, 2020); Bishop v. Strivectin Operating Co., Inc., No. 20-cv-09140 (S.D.N.Y. Oct. 30, 2020); Bishop v. Zwilling J.A. Henckels, LLC, No. 20-cv-08863 (S.D.N.Y. Oct. 22, 2020); Bishop v. Automated Pet Care Products, LLC, No. 20-cv-08862 (S.D.N.Y. Oct. 22, 2020); Bishop v.Teladoc Health, Inc., No. 20-cv-08763 (S.D.N.Y. Oct. 20, 2020); Bishop v. Valor Group LLC, No. 20-cv-08762 (S.D.N.Y. Oct. 20, 2020): asserts claims under ADA and New York Human Rights Laws for alleged failure to design website to be accessible to the visually impaired;
• Brooks v. Arden Fair Assoc., L.P., No. 20-cv-02463 (E.D. Cal. Dec. 11, 2020): asserts claims under ADA and UNRUH Civil Rights Act for alleged failure to design website to be accessible to the visually impaired;
• Tucker v. Feeders Supply Co., LLC, No. 20-cv-10393 (S.D.N.Y. Dec. 9, 2020); Tucker v. Figo Pet Ins., LLC, No. 20-cv-10394 (S.D.N.Y. Dec. 9, 2020); Tucker v. Prudent Pet Ins. Agency, LLC, No. 20-cv-10304 (S.D.N.Y. Dec. 7, 2020): asserts claims under ADA and New York Human Rights Laws for alleged failure to design website to be accessible to the visually impaired;
• Burbon v. Epion Brands, LLC, No. 20-cv-05438 (E.D.N.Y. Nov. 9, 2020); Burbon v. Creative Consumer Products, Inc., No. 20-cv-05930 (E.D.N.Y. Dec. 7, 2020); Burbon v. Donna Karan Co. Store LLC, No. 20-cv-05659 (E.D.N.Y. Nov. 20, 2020); Burbon v. Epson America, No. 20-cv-05437 (E.D.N.Y. Nov. 9, 2020); Burbon v. Patriot Health, Inc., No. 20-cv-05183 (E.D.N.Y. Oct. 27, 2020): asserts claims under ADA and New York Human Rights Laws for alleged failure to design website to be accessible to the visually impaired;
• Fischler v. Fantasy Sports Shark, LLC, No. 20-cv-06203 (E.D.N.Y. Dec. 22, 2020); Fischler v. Teltech Sys., Inc., No. 20-cv-10693 (S.D.N.Y. Dec. 18, 2020); Fischler v. Nutraceutical Wellness, Inc., No. 20-cv-08817 (S.D.N.Y. Oct. 22, 2020); Fischler v. Numen Fashion LLC, No. 20-cv-03893 (E.D.N.Y. Aug. 24, 2020); Fischler v. Batsheva Hay LLC, No. 20-cv-06592 (S.D.N.Y. Aug. 18, 2020); Fischler v. Happy Dots & Stripes, Inc., No. 20-cv-03472 (E.D.N.Y. July 31, 2020): asserts claims under ADA and New York Human Rights Laws for alleged failure to design website to be accessible to the visually impaired;
• Nisbett v. Paigelauren Enter. LLC, No. 20-cv-10569 (S.D.N.Y. Dec. 15, 2020); Nisbett v. Credible Labs Inc., No. 20-cv-10073 (S.D.N.Y. Dec. 1, 2020); Nisbett v. Bentley Brands, Inc., No. 20cv-08039 (S.D.N.Y. Sept. 29, 2020); Nisbett v. Peel Accessories, LLC, No. 20-cv-07796 (S.D.N.Y. Sept. 22, 2020): asserts claims under ADA and New York Human Rights Laws for alleged failure to design website to be accessible to the visually impaired;
• Calcano v. Bernardo Fashions LLC, No. 20-cv-09825 (S.D.N.Y. Nov. 20, 2020); Calcano v. Posh Bow Peep, LLC, No. 20-cv-09824 (S.D.N.Y. Nov. 20, 2020); Calcano v. Brilliant Shops LLC, No. 20-cv-09826 (Nov. 20, 2020); Calcano v. Andy & Evan Industries, Inc., No. 20-cv-09727 (S.D.N.Y. Nov. 18, 2020); Calcano v. Chaser LLC, No. 20-cv-09726 (S.D.N.Y. Nov. 18, 2020); Calcano v. Group III Int’l, Inc., No. 20-cv-09728 (S.D.N.Y. Nov. 18, 2020); Calcano v. Valrhona, Inc., No. 20-cv-09540 (S.D.N.Y. Nov. 12, 2020); Calcano v. Minted, LLC, No. 20-cv-09541 (S.D.N.Y. Nov. 12, 2020); Calcano v. Northeast Factory Furniture, Inc., No. 20-cv-07557 (S.D.N.Y. Sept. 15, 2020); Calcano v. American Retail Corp., No. 20-cv-07565 (S.D.N.Y. Sept. 15, 2020); Calcano v. Apfelbaum Philatelists, Inc., No. 20-cv-06875 (S.D.N.Y. Aug. 25, 2020); Calcano v. Sunburst Shutters Holdings, LLC, No. 20-cv-06553 (S.D.N.Y. Aug. 17, 2020); Calcano v. Kirkland’s Stores, Inc., No. 20-cv-06543 (S.D.N.Y. Aug. 17, 2020); Calcano v. Zorlu Manufacturing Co., LLC, No. 20-cv-06499 (S.D.N.Y. Aug. 15, 2020); Calcano v. Everfast, Inc., No. 20-cv-06498 (S.D.N.Y. Aug. 15, 2020); Calcano v. Aptdeco, Inc., No. 20-cv-06497 (S.D.N.Y. Aug. 15, 2020): asserts claims under ADA and New York Human Rights Laws for alleged failure to design website to be accessible to the visually impaired;
• Thorne v. Balsam Brands, Inc., No. 20-cv-09473 (S.D.N.Y. Nov. 11, 2020); Thorne v. Argon Techs., Inc., No. 20-cv-09442 (S.D.N.Y. Nov. 10, 2020); Thorne v. Occasions Group, Inc., 20-cv-09441 (S.D.N.Y. Nov. 10, 2020); Thorne v. W. Paw, Inc., No. 20-cv-09440 (S.D.N.Y. Nov. 10, 2020); Thorne v. Honest Company, Inc., No. 20-cv-09308 (S.D.N.Y. Nov. 5, 2020) : asserts claims under ADA and New York Human Rights Laws for alleged failure to design website to be accessible to the visually impaired;
• Hedges v. Gardner-Webb University, No. 20-cv-08717 (S.D.N.Y. Oct. 19, 2020); Hedges v. Mayes Education, Inc., No. 20-cv-08583 (S.D.N.Y. Oct. 14, 2020); Hedges v. Fresno Pacific University, No. 20-cv-08582 (S.D.N.Y. Oct. 14, 2020); Hedges v. City University of Seattle, No. 20-cv-08500 (S.D.N.Y. Oct. 12, 2020); Hedges v. Aspen Group, Inc., No. 20-cv-08498 (S.D.N.Y. Oct. 12, 2020); Hedges v. William Howard Taft University, No. 20-cv-08454 (S.D.N.Y. Oct. 9, 2020); Hedges v. Claflin University, No. 20-cv-08443 (S.D.N.Y. Oct. 9, 2020); Hedges v. Maryville University of Saint Louis, No. 20-cv-06326 (S.D.N.Y. Aug. 11, 2020); Hedges v. Limestone University, No. 20-cv-06324 (S.D.N.Y. Aug. 11, 2020); Hedges v. Campbellsville University, Inc., No. 20-cv-06088 (S.D.N.Y. Aug. 4, 2020); Hedges v. Champlain College Inc., No. 20-cv-06079 (S.D.N.Y. Aug. 4, 2020); Hedges v. Southwestern College, No. 20-cv-06076 (S.D.N.Y. Aug. 4, 2020); Hedges v. Johnson & Wales University, No. 20-cv-06046 (S.D.N.Y. Aug. 3, 2020); Hedges v. University of the Incarnate Word, No. 20-cv-05949 (S.D.N.Y. July 30, 2020); Hedges v. Bay Path University, No. 20-cv-05910 (S.D.N.Y. July 29, 2020); Hedges v. Everglades College, Inc., No. 20-cv-05829 (S.D.N.Y. July 27, 2020); Hedges v. University of Phoenix, Inc., No. 20-cv-05833 (S.D.N.Y. July 27, 2020): asserts claims under ADA and New York Human Rights Laws for alleged failure to design website to be accessible to the visually impaired;
• Tenzer-Fuchs v. Disney DTC, LLC, No. 20-cv-05386 (E.D.N.Y. Nov. 5, 2020);Tenzer-Fuchs v. BA Sports Nutrition, LLC, No. 20-cv-04849 (E.D.N.Y. Oct. 8, 2020); Tenzer-Fuchs v. Dorel U.S.A., Inc., No. 20-cv-04115 (E.D.N.Y. Sept. 2, 2020); Tenzer-Fuchs v. Huffy Corp., No. 20-cv-04114 (E.D.N.Y. Sept. 2, 2020); Tenzer-Fuchs v. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc., No. 20-cv-04113 (E.D.N.Y. Sept. 2, 2020); Tenzer-Fuchs v. SixThreeZero Bicycle Company, LLC, No. 20-cv-04112 (E.D.N.Y. Sept. 2, 2020); Tenzer-Fuchs v. Franke Kitchen Systems, LLC, No. 20-cv-04032 (E.D.N.Y. Aug. 28, 2020); Tenzer-Fuchs v. Kitchen Kapers, Inc., No. 20-cv-03917 (E.D.N.Y. Aug. 24, 2020); Tenzer-Fuchs v. Blade Urban Air Mobility, Inc., No. 20-cv-03823 (E.D.N.Y. Aug. 20, 2020); Tenzer-Fuchs v. Dr. Squatch, Inc., No. 20-cv-03803 (E.D.N.Y. Aug. 19, 2020); Tenzer-Fuchs v. Live Tinted, Inc., No. 20-cv-03742 (E.D.N.Y. Aug. 17, 2020); Tenzer-Fuchs v. SuperMe, LLC, No. 20-cv-03669 (E.D.N.Y. Aug. 13, 2020); Tenzer-Fuchs v. Snow Teeth Whitening, LLC, No. 20-cv-03599 (E.D.N.Y. Aug. 10, 2020); Tenzer-Fuchs v. Sleep Number Corp., No. 20-cv-03552 (E.D.N.Y. Aug. 6, 2020); Tenzer-Fuchs v. Colonel Littleton, Ltd, Inc., No. 20-cv-03150 (E.D.N.Y. July 15, 2020); Tenzer-Fuchs v. Gordon Brush Mfg. Co., No. 20-cv-03151 (E.D.N.Y. July 15, 2020); Tenzer-Fuchs v. JWH Holdings, LLC, No. 20-cv-03149 (E.D.N.Y. July 15, 2020); Tenzer-Fuchs v. Schmidt’s Deodorant Co. LLC, No. 20-cv-03148 (E.D.N.Y. July 15, 2020); Tenzer-Fuchs v. Stitch Fix, Inc., No. 20-cv-03076 (E.D.N.Y. July 9, 2020): asserts claims under ADA and New York Human Rights Laws for alleged failure to design website to be accessible to the visually impaired;
• Delacruz v. Sheex, Inc., No. 20-cv-08393 (S.D.N.Y. Oct. 7, 2020); Delacruz v. Mailmyprescriptions.com Pharmacy Corp., No. 20-cv-08337 (S.D.N.Y. Oct. 6, 2020); Delacruz v. Zarbee’s Inc., No. 20-cv-08336 (S.D.N.Y. Oct. 6, 2020); Delacruz v. Pinto Ranch, LP, No. 20-cv-08335 (S.D.N.Y. Oct. 6, 2020); Delacruz v. Head N’ Home Inc., No. 20-cv-08277 (S.D.N.Y. Oct. 5, 2020); Delacruz v. Blink Health LLC, No. 20-cv-08185 (S.D.N.Y. Oct. 2, 2020): asserts claims under ADA and New York Human Rights Laws for alleged failure to design website to be accessible to the visually impaired;
• Sosa v. APMEX, Inc., No. 20-cv-07037 (S.D.N.Y. Aug. 29, 2020); Sosa v. American Rare Coin & Collectibles, LLC, No. 20-cv-07036 (S.D.N.Y. Aug. 29, 2020); Sosa v. W.B. Mason, Inc., No. 20-cv-04828 (S.D.N.Y. June 23, 2020): asserts claims under ADA and New York Human Rights Laws for alleged failure to design website to be accessible to the visually impaired;
• Young v. Ladder Financial Inc., No. 20-cv-06202 (S.D.N.Y. Aug. 6, 2020); Young v. Ashford University, LLC, No. 20-cv-05830 (S.D.N.Y. July 27, 2020); Young v. Mycomputercareer.com, Inc., No. 20-cv-05789 (S.D.N.Y. July 25, 2020); Young v. Bellevue University, No. 20-cv-05780 (S.D.N.Y. July 24, 2020); Young v. American Public University System, Inc., No. 20-cv-05722 (S.D.N.Y. July 23, 2020); Young v. Drury University, No. 20-cv-05718 (S.D.N.Y. July 23, 2020); Young v. Liberty University, Inc., No. 20-cv-05742 (S.D.N.Y. July 23, 2020); Young v. Strategic Education, Inc., No. 20-cv-05741 (S.D.N.Y. July 23, 2020); Young v. Ride Television Network, Inc., No. 20-cv-05544 (S.D.N.Y. July 17, 2020); Young v. Handy Technologies, Inc., No. 20-cv-05487 (S.D.N.Y. July 16, 2020); Young v. Krispy Kreme Doughnut Corp., No. 20-cv-05479 (S.D.N.Y. July 16, 2020); Young v. Volvo Car USA LLC, No. 20-cv-05491 (S.D.N.Y. July 16, 2020); Young v. Empire Today, LLC, No. 20-cv-05426 (S.D.N.Y. July 14, 2020): asserts claims under ADA and New York Human Rights Laws for alleged failure to design website to be accessible to the visually impaired;
• Frye v. Gardner, No. 20-cv-00751 (D.N.H. July 7, 2020): asserts claims under ADA for alleged failure to provide accessible absentee voting ballots;
• Tatum-Rios v. Zappos IP LLC, No. 20-cv-04943 (S.D.N.Y. June 27, 2020): asserts claims under ADA and New York Human Rights Laws for alleged failure to design website to be accessible to the visually impaired;
• Kapp v. Belk, Inc., No. 20-cv-00578 (M.D.N.C. June 24, 2020): asserts claims under ADA for alleged failure to provide adequate access to the website of a brick and mortar department store to the visually impaired;
• McKnight-Nero v. Walmart, Inc., No. 20-cv-01541 (D.D.C. June 11, 2020): asserts claims under D.C. Human Rights Act and ADA for alleged discrimination in implementing store hours reserved for elderly and highly susceptible shoppers;
• Williams v. Diana USA Corp., No. 20-cv-03967 (S.D.N.Y. May 22, 2020): asserts claims under ADA and New York Human Rights Laws for alleged failure to design website to be accessible to the visually impaired;
• Drenth v. Boockvar, No. 20-cv-00829 (M.D. Pa. May 21, 2020): asserts claims under ADA for alleged inadequate accessibility for blind individuals provided under absentee ballot system;
• J.P. ex rel. R.P. v. Educational Testing Services, No. 20-cv-04502 (C.D. Cal. May 19, 2020): asserting claims for damages and injunctive relief based on alleged inadequate access to Advanced Placement exams for high school students;
• Winegard v. Johnson & Johnson, No. 20-cv-02132 (E.D.N.Y. May 11, 2020): asserting claims under the ADA based on alleged difficulty in access to products on website for the hard of hearing.
• Lewis v. Pritzker, No. 20-cv-02836 (N.D. Ill. May 8, 2020): asserting claims under the ADA based on alleged discriminatory enforcement of health conditions exemptions to face mask requirements;